Internal Factors- Setting, Streaming + Subcultures

Question 1

What was Lacey’s research on setting,streaming + subcultures?

Answer 1

High-town boys grammar school,18 months
Differentiation: process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitude or behaviour
‘More able’ are given higher status
Polorisation: Pupils respond to this by moving towards 1 of 2 ‘poles’ = pro-school + anti-school. Pro-skl= comitted to values, academic progress, MC Anti-skl= Loss of self-esteem, underachievment, no sense of worth, find alternative ways of status e.g smoking, cheeking, WC

Question 2

What was Hargreaves’ research on setting,streaming + subcultures?

Answer 2

Modern secondary school
Triple failures – they failed their 11+ exam, they are in the bottom stream and have been labelled as ‘worthless louts’. = anti-school subculture forms, underachievment

Question 3

What was Ball’s research on setting,streaming + subcultures?

Answer 3

Beachside Highschool. This school abolished setting + streaming- mixed ability classrooms. Decline in polarisation+anti subcultures in school, however teachers continued to label WC negatively–> this then created an anti-school subculture

Question 4

What was Woods’ research on setting,streaming + subcultures?

Answer 4

Argues that labelling and streaming lead to s/c, but that
students can respond in 4 different ways, not just in two (pro and anti school):

Ingratiation – being the teacher’s pet.
Ritualism – going through the motions of attending lessons,
doing the work, staying out of trouble.
Retreatism – daydreaming and messing around.
Rebellion – rejection of school’s values.

Those in 1 and 2 do better, those in 3 and 4 underachieve.

Question 5

What was Furlong’s research on setting,streaming + subcultures?

Answer 5

Agreed with Woods’ theory however he added onto these 4 subcultures by saying that students can conform to a different subculture based on the lesson or the teacher