socioeconomic inequality

Question 1

relative poverty

Answer 1

deprivation of one individual in comparison to another, basic Necessities met

Question 2

absolute poverty

Answer 2

life-threatening deprivation of an individual

Question 3

low-income cut-offs (LICO)

Answer 3

indicates point when family spends more income on food, shelter, clothing than average family

Question 4

canada pension plan

Answer 4

universal social program available to all canadians over 59yo

Question 5

working poor

Answer 5

1/5 of ppl in poverty working full time year round, blc…

1. minimum wage really close to poverty line
2. structure of low income jobs changing

Question 6

cycle of poverty

Answer 6

• hard get job without address
• children can’t go to school without supplies
• debts from family hinder children
• less social contacts that can help individuals get job

Question 7

gig economy

Answer 7

only short term/temporary jobs available

Question 8

pink-collar occupations

Answer 8

relatively low paying, non-manual, semi-skilled positions primarily held by women

Question 9

socio-economic status

Answer 9

measure of person’s income, education, occupation that is used to determine ones social and economic position in relation to others

Question 10

4 principles of social stratification

Answer 10

1. trait of society (how organized)
2. universal but variable (what kinds/degrees of inequality)
3. involves not just inequalities, but believes these inequalities are valid (ppl who benefit from inequality perpetuate norms)
4. carries over generationally (inherited wealth)

Question 11

achievement-based stratification system

Answer 11

ranks individuals based on their individual accomplishments

Question 12

ascription-based stratification system

Answer 12

born into position/inherits family’s position

Question 13

equality

Answer 13

giving everyone same amount of resources

Question 14

equity

Answer 14

distributing resources to result in equality

Question 15

intergenerational social mobility

Answer 15

occurs between generations (ie. parents/grandparents in middle class but you high class)

Question 16

intragenerational social mobility

Answer 16

occurs within a single generation (ie. you go from middle class to high class in your lifetime)

Question 17

intergenerational income elasticity

Answer 17

statistical relationship between a parent-child’s economic standing (higher = less social mobility)

Question 18

status consistency

Answer 18

is a person treated the same in all parts of their life?

Question 19

class consciousness

Answer 19

awareness of what is in the best interests of one’s class

marx argued: awareness = precondition for organizing class & advocating interests

Question 20

unions

Answer 20

organized group of employees who negotiate pay, benefits, working conditions

Question 21

trade union density

Answer 21

percentage of populations wage earners who are part of union

Question 22

parties (Weber)

Answer 22

organizations that attempt to influence social action and focus on achieving some political goal

Question 23

power (Weber)

Answer 23

chance that a person/group can realize its own will in communal action, even against resistance of others

Question 24

status group (Weber)

Answer 24

group based on social honour/prestige & has “style of life”

honour = any distinction/respect accorded by individuals/others

Question 25

which workers were not able to work from home during COVID-19? (pangborn & rea)

Answer 25

• service workers
• women majority hold sales positions
• latinx individuals
• twice as deadly for black & latinx ppl compared to white

Question 26

classes (Marx)

Answer 26

groups of people who play different roles in the productive system

Question 27

class struggle (Marx)

Answer 27

conflict b/w those who own production power and those who only earn their own labour power

Question 28

bourgeoisie (Marx)

Answer 28

the owners of the means of production

Question 29

proletariat (Marx)

Answer 29

only own capacity to labour, which they might sell to capitalists

Question 30

property (Marx)

Answer 30

any resource that can be used to produce value & generate wealth (owned by capitalist)

Question 31

surplus value (Marx)

Answer 31

value of money capitalist keeps after paying worker’s wages

Question 32

ideologies (Marx)

Answer 32

ideas that shape objectives (argued: societies dominant ideologies come from dominant class & perpetuates the capitalist system)

Question 33

meritocracy (Marx)

Answer 33

idea that people will achieve based on their own merit

Question 34

false consciousness (Marx)

Answer 34

willingness from the working class to support ideologies that are advantageous to the ruling class but disadvantageous for the working class

Question 35

petite bourgeoisie (Marx)

Answer 35

small scale capitalists (ie. shopkeepers, managers)

Question 36

lumpenproletariat (Marx)

Answer 36

lowest layer of the working class (ie. criminals, chronically unemployed)