global inequality Flashcards
world systems theory
the world economy makes poor nations dependant on rich ones
core
most economically diversified, wealthy, and powerful nations, highly industrialized & produce manufactured goods
periphery
worlds least economically diversified & industrialized nations, mostly extracting & exporting raw materials to core countries
semi-periphery
countries that are moving toward industrialization & more diversified economy, not usually dominated in international trade
modernization theory
countries are poor because they cling to traditional/inefficient technologies/attitudes, predicts that given enough time & correct behaviours all societies can be modernized like western societies
cash crops
crops sold for profit (not for farmer’s consumption)
monocropping
agricultural practice of producing a single crop on the same land every year, corn, soybean, wheat are common crops
ethnocentrism
judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture
global coffee commodity chain
system of linked stages that transform raw agricultural product into a set of consumable goods
political economy
distribution of power on production and distribution for material well-being
debt burden in less wealthy nations
poor countries owe rich countries, high unemployment
globalization
increasing interconnectedness of people and places that result from advances in transportation, etc
- physical
- spatio-temporal
- cognitive
global village
increasing interconnectedness and unified global nation that comes from growth of international communication
world society theory
emphasizes importance of institutions & culture in forming structure and behaviours of nation
explain ww2 emergence of global institutions and increasingly shared world culture
gini index
a measure used to compare income inequality across countries (0-1, perfect inequality - total inequality)
human development index
number that combines variety of measures regarding health and quality of life in a country
how does the existence of global poverty help western countries? (Daina Eglitis)
- helps ensure affordable good for Western consumers
- support western medical advances
- dumping dangerous materials
pros and cons of “Fair Trade for All” (Nicki Cole & Keith Brown)
pro:
- reduce inconsistencies in the certification process
- increase consumer awareness about fair trade initiatives
- educate consumers about plight of producers around the world
con:
- supply for fair trade outpaces demand
- mistakenly assumed that all plantations provide same benefits for farmers & cooperatives