Socialization And Social Interaction Flashcards
By what means do we assign meaning to things which defines our shared experience of culture
Socialization and social interaction
What is required for culture to function as a social force that causes the social actor to change their behavior
The internalization of the culture
So how do we internalize? By socialization
I need to interact with the culture in such a way that it affects me deeply that it becomes possible to influence my behavior
For example i the beauty expectations of a human cannot be applied to a dog, how would a dog be able to internalize beauty to want to look different how they are to fit beauty standards of humans, not possible
The social actor has to have some kind of relationship to the culture that it becomes counsioly or unconsciously influence thought that causes behavior to change
How dis Winthrop Kellogg try to understand socialization and what inference can you draw from it
Kellogg’s tried to understand if by socialization an animal could be able to learn and become like a human
Subjected his son and a chimp sister to same conditions, food, clothes, activities as a normal sibling
But the research had to be terminated as although the chimp compiled some behaviors but their son began to behave more like a chimp and less like a human.
Overall the research showed how a human is like a sponge, depending on the social environment we are raised in we learn to imitate, internalize that culture regardless of human or not human and it changes our behavior
Humans need models to imitate to determine how they interact and regardless of type of socialization provided, they can internalize and copy it, especially as children, when they do not know what the dominant culture or have a sense of self
What did the story of oxana Malaya illustrate
This is an even extreme case that illustrates how Spongeable we as humans are,
The extent to how we learn behaviors as children is highly determined by who and what is around us and thus influences our social interaction
Oxana mimcry of a dog was so profound that she wasn’t just a child imitating a dog, she was acting and living like one, as if that was considered normal and acceptable
It illustrates that humans need a template, a means to show them what is the way we should act or behave and the internalization through learning is highly influenced by socialization
What does the illustration of nature being the primary determinant of humans experience and humans being who they are mean?
According to some people, they believe that nature, such as biology, genetics, influences peoples intelligence, behavior, temperament.
So biological deteminism, we are the way we are because of our genes and dna
What does the illustration of nuture being the primary determinant of humans experience and humans being who they are mean?
Nuture uses the empiricism approach that we are the way we are because of our socialization, relations, interactions, experiences.
Our experiences essentially share who we are and how is the determine of hoe we deveklop
How do most social and biological scrientist understand nature and nuture
Understood as a continuum, no human is completely who they are because determined by their biology solely, neither is any human solely who they are because of the expenses they have shared. This two are often confounded and thus different to isolate, differentiate and study alone
What did John Locke mean by:
Let us suppose the mind to be, as we say, a tabula rasa (blind slate), void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on its with an almost endless variety? When has it all the materials of reason and knowledge ? To this i answer, in one word experience
He was saying that we are solely influenced by our experiences, empiricism is what defines the existence of how and how we are the way we are.
ONE WORD- experience- shapes us as who we are
What is the struggle involved in the separation and understanding of nature vs nuture empirically
They cannot be tested because of ethical reasons- who would subject an innocent child willingly to a series of experiments to influence their behavior and who they become?- it is unethical
They are confounded- trying to differentiate nature and nurture, is a difficult task even impossible since both of them play vital roles in the development of an individual
Who are mostly used to understand nature vs nuture in studies
People who are adopted, because, there is a diffence between their genes and the environment they were raised, thus you can infer the role of adopted parents in nuture and that of the birth parents in nature
Why is it necessary to understand how a trait is impacted by the social context it is expressed if we hypoththically decide that nature is a determinant of individual behvauir
If we conclude that biology affects the individual development, that trait may be understood and expressed differently depending on the context.
For example if someone has the tendency to be violent, in an American football context it may be acceptable as being a good quarterback and recommended but if this was manifested in a class fight between students, it would be regarded as offensive and punishable.
So we still have to understand those traits based on how the culture has taught us to socialize with it
Applying only biology as an effect makes no sense, since we still need to understand it from the sociological understanding and interpretation of that trait based on the cultures in the society
How does nature rely on nurture to express certain traits
All traits require nurture to be expressed, because by nature, naturally, we are predisposed to learning and imitating what goes on around us.
In order for a baby to understand it is human and act in a human way to needs to follow and imitate people around itself to know how to act
So even though by virtue of being genetically born as a human, in order to do the things and act in ways that are considered human we have to socialize to know how to act like one
So being able to behave like a human is not innate, it socialization that makes us act like one
How does the language of nuture influence nature
Bu nature we programmed to learn a language, French, English, Igbo, this are programmed in us to learn how to think, express, communicate thoughts
But there is no bilological impulse to learn one language over the other, whatever language was what we were exposed to defines the language we speak
So the natural ability does not predispose us to learn one language over the other just determined by the socialization that led to the understanding of that language
The process by which people learn to function in social life and become aware of themselves as they interact with others is considered? What does this mean?
Socialization
As children we are predisposed to learning anything, soaking information, like a sponges but what how we learn that thing is because of the people surrounding us and the interactions we have and create
How is the exposure to all socially meaningful knowledge analogous to exposure to language
Babies are sponges, they can soak urine, juice, wine, beer, milk
What they end up soaking in, hopefully milk, is dependent on the social interactions they have
The baby by itself dosent know that milk is best for it and urine is certainly bad for it, it just soaks anything by the share force of nature (nature)
If they soak urine, milk etc., ( the social interaction)
When a parents says to a child, wash your hands, don’t eat that, don’t bite, be nice, what form of socialization is this
Explicit socialization, it is a purposeful and declarative instruction to obey a social knowledge
When a child mimics her mother cooking by using a play stove, cutlery, plates, oven is an example of what type of socialization
Implicit socialization
An autuomatic and uncounsius transmission of knowledge from the parent to the child.
Where the child themself mimics, copies what they have seen without understanding what it meant, not intentional’y learnt or even thought, just by observation and thus repetition
Explain a child main source of socialization
A child’s main source of socialization is its parent, or the environment the kids was raised in
Why and it what way is primary socialization related to a child’s development and understanding of the world
Primary socialization of a child is it’s parents/ guardian, any parent figure.
They are their source of both implicit and explicit learning
What 3 ways does a parent influence a child’s primary socialization
Language- absorbs whatever the primary means of communication
Rules of social interaction- don’t scream inside, its okay to scream outside, no okay to bite, hit
Sense of self- the kid recognizes that it is different from a dog, a cat, it is a girl, a boy, the kid begins to define it self in a category of membership into a boy, girl, black, white.
Absorbing the system of categories socially meaningful in the society.
Who was martin, what was his interest and research question as he analyzed richards scarrys book- “what do people do all day?”
He quantitatively analyzed the book to figure out how the division of labour was portrayed to kids, Howe class categories was distryubuted and if there was a relation between the animal specie and the labour assigned to it
He wanted to understand the reason why we tend to clump or unconsciously categorize certain jobs together and of that can also be seen in the relation to animals. Giving a certain animal a carrier because of what the society perceives as a differnt species and expect it to work in this specific field, what accounts for that
The activity in class of grouping lawyers and doctors, pilot and bus driver illustrates what
The act of grouping those careers into certain categories even though that are not in any way related by section or content, is an unconscious groupings we create is based on meanings and ideologies and stories that we understood and created of the culture we exist in
There is an unexplainable fundamental understanding we have created that we know implicitly that certain careers belong to this group fro reasons beyond what the profession actually entails.
How did walker collect and analyze information he received from Richard scarryas book
Collected his data quantitatively
Question- what jobs do animals perform and is there a link between specie and job assigned
Analyzed- Cross tab
Used codes- species and occupation
Additional codes- relationship to authority, sector and skill
what were the codes martin used in his analysis, explain them
Code- species and occupation
Does the specie of animal affect the occupation assigned to it?
Additional variables:
Relationship to authority- is the character in high authority position, or autonomous and does things on its own and a lower position of only receiving information or being managed
Sector- tyoe of job
Skill- no skill, semi Skill, high skill
With the big cats and predators being the authority figures, the pig being considered as the low income, low skill least authority and the beavers and owl being in the self emoplyed authonmos career
What do this categories and results indicate according to Martin
The species were unknowingly grouped by the author into a specific social class and career based on their species.
There is an invincible logic that groups these species into a specific division of labour even though this does not actually exist or would ever occur but we have this perception that the predator would be the authority figure and the pig would be the low income animal
So in essence unintentionally, the writer is teaching preschoolers that there are different categories of people (species) that exist and because of that they have different roles they accomplish in the labour force
Why is the division of labour in-between species an invisible yet common and apparent social phenomenon we think deeply and critically about ir
The invincibility of this logic is fostered by the boundary between classes being permeable. If it was a difficult line to cross between a doctor lion and a pig waste collector it would be very obvious to us the readers but because, it is a line that can be crossed, a pig can study and become a doctor like a leopard, we fail to see the bias in species and work categorization
What type of socialization begins within minutes of birth
Gender socialization
What are some examples of gender socialization in toddler hood
Talking to girls more than boys
Handling boys slightly rougher than girls
What are some signs of gender socialization in toodlerthood
The toys , extracurricular d for the kids are differentiated
Who and what was implied when Simone de Beauvoir said
One is not born a woman but becomes one
Women
Whatever quality we associates with being a woman comes with the experience/ socialization and is not biologically based
How does the socialization kids are subjected to based on their as kids affects the generalizations made about men and women as adults
Women are considered better conversationalist than men- but maybe a girl having discussions, holding tea parties between her dolls amplify this,
and boys toys being less of communications but more engineered to fighting, or building legos, playing games may be the reason why men are regarded as being more specially aware
Such activities kids are subjected to parallel the different observed differences in women and men, in such situation we could argue that the attributes or definitions given to the a character of gender could be more of nuture and less of nature
In essence, parents unknowingly and subconsciously not based on their own ideologies but structurally influenced (settled times) affect their children’s socialization, just by choice of clothes, toys, etc
What are the biologically deterministic views on gender and how dies it differ from the empirical evidence available
Their views on biology revolves around the gender essentialism, the thought that the differences between genders is inherent in our biology, gender should not be manipulated.
While the sociologist and evidence shows that the meaning of being a woman or man is not just biologically determined but that is not the case because the line between nature vs nutrients is difficult to isolate. As the cultural meaning of what it means to be a woman and man is highly influenced by the society.
What is gender essentialism and why does Simone quote a line that is against it
It is the idea that being a man and woman is strongly influenced by biology,
While Simone argues that being a woman is learnt not inherent in biology
Does the evidence of difference of being a man or woman biologically directly mean that gender is solely differentiated and understood by biology?
No it doesn’t, because there are some differences between being a man or a woman does not essentially mean that these differences exist between gender class
The socialization children are exposed to plays are role that determines, how they would understand wha it means to be female or male
