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A Level Politics UK and Ideologies > Socialism > Flashcards

Socialism Flashcards

1
Q

What was the origins of the enlightenment

A

The enlightenment

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2
Q

What is the overall view of human nature

A

Positive

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3
Q

Liberals believe in equality of opportunity, what is it that socialists believe in

A

Equality of outcome

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4
Q

Who were the levellers

A

All about levelling the playing field

Argued god has given the land to ALL of mankind and yet some had used this as greed and acquired the land for themselves

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5
Q

What did the so called utopian socialists Charles Fourier and Robert Owen do

A

Created independent communities based on communal ownership and production and equal distribution of resources and a culture of tolerance and permissiveness

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6
Q

What major event in history where socialist ideas began to be taken seriously

A

The industrial revolution

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7
Q

Name four socialist fundamental principles

A

1) equality of outcome is more important than individual liberty
2) state must provide welfare so that all can prosper
3) state should own means of production
4) comradeship- strong collective organisations eg trade unions

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8
Q

What is comradeship

A

Looking out for your brother

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9
Q

Describe socialist view of human nature

A
  • optimistic
  • individuals are naturally cooperative, generous and altruistic
  • comradeship
  • human nature is something malleable rather than permanently
  • fixed they are optimistic about how it could be in the future
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10
Q

What for socialists was the major consequence of the industrial revolution

A

The emergence of distinct classes

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11
Q

What is the socialist view on society

A
  • argue that an individuals status, priorities and prospects are all shaped by the social class he or she is born into
  • egalitarian doctrine= equality of society and equal society
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12
Q

Give an example of equality of outcome

A

affirmative action

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13
Q

What is the main priority of socialism

What will be the consequence of not achieving this

A
  • to narrow the gap between rich and poor

Consequence:
Society will continue to lack fraternity, cooperation and solidarity and instead will foster greed, envy, resentment and division

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14
Q

What do socialists believe in as opposed to common ownership

A

Private property and capitalism

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15
Q

How do socialists see the economy

A
  • One that provides greater workers control in employment and
  • Politics of Robin Hood “taking from the rich and giving to the poor”

Principles:

  • rejection of laissez faire capitalism
  • greater collectivism
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16
Q

What is collectivism

A

State control
Common ownership
-progressive taxation- richer classes contribute more
- progressive public spending
-extensive state regulation of capitalism to prevent exploitation

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17
Q

Explain socialist views on the state

A
  • strong state vital to create a fairer and more equal society
  • decision making reflects equality and empowerment of the people
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18
Q

What does Marx argue about the state

A

The state will eventually wither away

This will lead to the end of history

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19
Q

What are the two broad categories of socialism

A

Fundamentalist socialism

Revisionist socialism

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20
Q

What do fundamentalist socialists believe in

A

Completely Against private ownership and capitalism

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21
Q

What is a revisionist socialist

A

Socialism can be achieved alongside private property and is compatible and can co-exist with capitalism

22
Q

where do some fundamental socialists vary in views

A

some argue for revolutionary change destroying the capitalist economy and the state which supports it

others would gradually take down the structures of capitalism via evolutionary change within the confines of the existing state

23
Q

what was the name of the first type of socialism to provide a detailed plan for the future

A

classical Marxism

24
Q

what did karl marx argue capitalism promoted

A

exploitation
alienation
oppression

25
Q

for marx and engels what was the final destination for society

what was the name for this process

A

the end of history

historical maternalism

26
Q

briefly explain historical maternalism

A

1) primitive societies
2) slave based societies
3) emergence of capitalism
4) emergence of proletariat and class consciousness
5) destruction of capitalism
6) socialism
7) communism
8) end of history

27
Q

for what reason was capitalism historically doomed

A

class consciousness and the belief in revolution

28
Q

revolution would create a new state, ‘the dictatorship of the proletariat’ what would this obliterate

A

all traces of liberal capitalist values

this would pave the way for a stateless communist society based on common ownership

29
Q

define proletariat

A

the collective term for the working class

30
Q

when was the russian revolution

A

1917

31
Q

who was the de facto leader of the new russian socialist state

A

Lenin

32
Q

what did both lenin and luxemburg disagree about in regard to marxism

A

the idea that less developed countries would have to face centuries of oppressive capitalist rule before the conditions were right for the revolution

33
Q

to lead the revolution lenin stressed the importance of the ‘revolutionary elite’ who would perform what four vital tasks:

A

1) overthrow the existing regime
2) organise the revolution
3) educate the masses
4) form a new organisation

34
Q

What theory did stalin reject

A

Permanent revolution (developed by Trotsky)

35
Q

What was permanent revolution

A

Where revolution spreads country to country

36
Q

When was the Chinese revolution

A

1949

37
Q

What happened in China

A

Revolution
Culture revolution
Campaign of persecution against any aspect of traditional Chinese culture

38
Q

Name two countries that created communist parties in the 1950s

A

Cuba

North Korea

39
Q

What major Labour Party document did Webb influence

A

Clause IV

40
Q

What was Webb’s view on revolution

A

Chaotic, inefficient and counterproductive

Very against revolution

41
Q

What is the inevitability of gradualism

A

Democratic socialists would campaign peacefully and win voters trust

Working class realise capitalism doesn’t serve them

Socialist govt elected

Private ownership becomes state ownership

DemSoc govt continually elected

Socialist society

Reverse unlikely

42
Q

What did the demSoc govt of Attlee in 1945 install

A

Welfare state

Transfer of several industries- private to public ownership

43
Q

What is euro-communism

A

In the 70s, communism spread to Europe
They maintained distance from Soviet Union
Wanted change but gradually
Contested in elections

44
Q

What was the Frankfurt school

A

Home to philosophers Marcuse and Horkheimer

They were not optimistic that revolution would ever occur

45
Q

What did neo-Marxists believe

A

Thatcapitalism cannot be gradually reformed out of existence but when ever the next capitalism slump occurred- socialists should advocate for revolution

46
Q

What do revisionist socialists believe

A

Marx’s view is incompatible with capitalism

47
Q

What did Edward Bernstein think

A

Claimed capitalist economies could provide even greater improvement to the lives jf workers

Along this socialist govt could make laws which curb the inequalities Of the capitalist society- eliminating the need for revolution.

48
Q

Which labour government is the third way associated with

A

Blair and brown

49
Q

What did Crosland argue about the economy

A

Reformed capitalism could guarantee full employment and steady economic growth

50
Q

What did giddens encourage in regard to the economy

A

Further privatisation and de regulation - this was best way to boost economic growth and so boost govt spending which would achieve greater equality

51
Q

New labour rise taxes which allowed a greater public spending, what’s the statistic?

A

39% to 47% in 2010

52
Q

Is socialism still present today

A

Very much so
As long as capitalism has its problems socialism shall always exist
Far left leader of labour (Jeremy Corbin)
Presidential candidate (Bernie sanders)

A Level Politics UK and Ideologies (24 decks)

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