Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Politics UK and Ideologies > Conservatism > Flashcards

Conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

define pragmatism

A

Being practical and realistic about what can be changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is conservatism based off the idea of

A

Keeping things the same unless there is a good enough reason to bring about change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did conservatism originate in response to

A

It was reactionary in response to the growth of liberalism and socialism

The enlightenment and French Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Edmund Burke say in response to change

A

‘A state without means of change is without means of its conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the doctrine of maintenance

A

Ongoing repair and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Michael oakeshott descirbe being conservative as

A

Being captain of a large ship on the open sea, not particularly heading anywhere but going serenely on its way without crashing into rocks or icebergs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 fundamental conservative principles

A

1) limited government is necessary to maintain civil society
2) equal justice under equal laws
3) life is a series of trade-offs (an action has a cost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Milton Friedman suggest

A

There are four ways of spending money: (most efficient to least)

1) your own money on yourself
2) your own money on someone else
3) someone’s else’s money on urself
4) someone else’s money on someone else (GOVERNMENT SPENDING)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe conservatism in terms of human nature

A
  • see humans as what they are not what they could be
  • philosophy of imperfection
  • human nature is fixed and cannot be re-moulded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was Thomas Hobbes view on human nature

A

Ruthlessly selfish, calculating and competitive

-without the restraints of formal authority the world would be marked by ‘envy, hatred and war’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was edmund Burkes view on human nature

A
  • humans need custom, habit and experience as signposts as to how we should behave
  • capable of kindness and wisdom as long as there actions were rooted in Christianity
  • naturally communal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the philosophy of imperfection

A

We need a state to govern us and show us the right way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did key thinkers Robert nOzick and Ayn Rand think about human nature

A

Human natures yearning for individual freedom

NOzick stated humans were freedom loving pack animals who needed the restraint of formal authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

four themes that underpin conservatism ideas on society, explain organicism

A

Organicism- society must be something that emerges gradually and cannot be wholly predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

four themes that underpin conservatism ideas on society, explain judeo-Christian morality

A

Judeo-Christian morality- conservatism has strong attachment to Christian and its belief in original sin with strong emphasis on moral guidance, religious principles such as charity and compassion help bind individuals together and curb there imperfections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

four themes that underpin conservatism ideas on society, explain property

A

Rather than being acquired by one autonomous individual,it is passed down from generations to generation providing a degree of stability

Property owners have a duty of care towards those less fortunate

The new right wish to extend property ownership throughout society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

four themes that underpin conservatism ideas on society, explain hierarchy

A

Social hierarchy is natural and will occur in even the smallest of ‘little platoon’ communities (Burke)

Minority will exercise some authority over the majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example where the new right have extended property ownership throughout society

A

Margaret thatcher- right to buy policy

19
Q

What do conservatives see the main function of the state is

A

To maintain law and order- without order there can be no liberty
-undisputed laws backed by firm authority

20
Q

What is the main features of a conservative state

A
  • organic origins- must emerge gradually, an organic pragmatic response to humanity’s needs (eg British constitution has evolved and moulded over time)
  • a ruling class- power is aristocratic and hereditary rather than democratic
  • state based on nationhood
21
Q

What do nOzick and rand believe about the nation state

A

It is burdened by nationalised industries and the welfare state

‘When the state becomes flabby it becomes feeble’

22
Q

What is the general concept behind conservative economics

A

Pro-capitalism

-strengthens cons ideas on hierarchy by making rich richer and poor poorer

23
Q

Regarding the economy, what do conservatives prefer

A

A model of capitalism which is tempered by state intervention= PROTECTIONISM

24
Q

What is the issue for conservatives with free market capitalism and laissez faire economics (supported by Burke)

A

Conservatism worships order, stability and continuity

Whereas free market capitalism promotes risk and innovation and even radical change

25
Q

What did canning Pitt and peel all defend

A

The idea of a ruling class- Elitism (house of lords)

26
Q

What did Robert peel support

A

The great reform act 1832

27
Q

What did the great reform act 1832 achieve

A

Representation at Westminster to the newly industrialised towns of the north

28
Q

What did Robert peel say in relation to law and order

A

“Without security there can be no liberty”

Reinforces conservative views on law and order

29
Q

What did Benjamin Disraeli and Bismarck think about socialism

A

It was a threat to stability and tradition

30
Q

Who founded one nation conservatism

What did they argue

A

Disraeli and Bismarck

All social classes were part of one national family

31
Q

What is paternalism

A

The rich caring for the poor

-aristocracy have a duty of care

32
Q

What did Disraeli say in regard to hierarchy

A

“The palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy”

33
Q

What reshaped the 20th C political debate

What did this lead conservatives to fear

A

Reshaped by socialism and communism

Egalitarianism (equality)

34
Q

What happened in the 20th century that reinforced the conservative fear of egalitarianism

A

Extension of the franchise in 1918

35
Q

Give an example of pragmatism in the 20th C

A

Response to socialism and growing support to labour

Supported a greater deal of state intervention

36
Q

A form of conservatism is Christian democracy, what does this involve

A

Authority and hierarchy
Emphasis on marriage and family life
Scepticism of free market economics

37
Q

What is supranationalism

A

Something that goes ahead of every country eg the EU

Eurosceptics

38
Q

What did US conservatives place more emphasis on

A

Individual freedom, Laissez faire capitalism private property and minimal government

39
Q

What was happening in mid 1970s UK

A

Spiralling inflation, mounting unemployment, unsustainable welfare spending increased crime

40
Q

What did neoliberalism try to achieve

A
  • drastic reduction is taxation
  • fighter control of government spending
  • deregulation and privatisation
41
Q

What did neo-conservatives want

A

Tougher approach to law and order
Robust approach to national defence
Less tolerant to immigration

42
Q

What is new right conservatism

A

“A liberal mugged by reality”

Reinforcing police, social services and armed forces

43
Q

Describe conservatism today

A

David Cameron 2010+ campaigned for a big society defending volunteerism
Greater sense of national identity after eu exit
Conservatism is constant and shows no signs of decaying

A Level Politics UK and Ideologies (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions