Socialism

Question 1

Key ideas of Socialism

Answer 1

Critique Capitalism, Communism
Human nature changeable/common humanity
Aim for equality and social justice
Collectivism, Cooperation
Role of Social class

Question 2

Economic Determination

Answer 2

Behavior determined by structure of economy, change with economy, want capitalism to socialism (equality)

Question 3

Critique of Capitalism

Answer 3

Most critical: Marxists + Luxemburg, overthrow capitalism with revolution, replace with communism (from workers gaining class consciousness) Proletariat vs oppressors, end class struggle

Second most: Democratic socialists (Webb), remove socialism with parliamentary reform (socialist party)

Least critical: Social democrats (Keynes + Crosland), adjust society to humanise, make fairer distribution

Question 4

Fraternity (Brotherhood)

Answer 4

Common interests and beliefs, Capitalism exploits workers, work together to get paid equally, Replace with socialism and common ownership

Question 5

Cooperation/collectivism

Answer 5

Collective effort better than individual, solidarity can mean stronger negotiating, trade union collective bargaining, Clause 4 (keep the ‘means of production, distribution and exchange’ in common ownership)

Question 6

Human nature/common humanity

Answer 6

humans social creatures, behavior socially determined, human nature malleable, capitalism brings out worst, industries state run for best collective interest, common goal, no hierarchy

Question 7

Equality

Answer 7

Key: more equal distribution of wealth and income, Liberals and conservatives just equality of opportunity, Marxists create classless society (revolt)
Democratic socialists (Webb) state run industries, reform with elected socialists
Social democrats (Keynes+Crosland) progressive tax, redistribute income and wealth

Question 8

Social class

Answer 8

same socio-economic status, Bourgeoisie alienate worker to keep profit (class conflict)
state should dismantle barriers so not born with wealth and privilege, more gov spending

Question 9

Workers control

Answer 9

equal distribution of economic resources, benefit whole workforce

Question 10

Class consciousness

Answer 10

stage under capitalism, proletariat aware of bourgeoisie exploitation, revolution by them, capitalism replaced by system that benefits workers