socialisation and culture Flashcards
whats a norm 2
- action/ behaviour which society believes is an acceptable way to behave
- all individuals within community are expected to follow this set of unwritten rules learnt through socialisation process
whats a value 2
- idea/ beliefs a society holds about whats important. influence what we see as right or wrong
- often values influence our norms
what are relative norms and values
norms/values which differ depending on context or culture
define universal
diff norms and values and how they apply to other countries
define innate
smth you inherit from birth
define culturally relative
diff norms and values depending on cultural context
plummer, relative norms and values 2
- actions can be seem as a norm in one context, act of deviance in another
- ‘situational deviance’
whats primary socialisation
teaching and learning of norms and values from family
whats secondary socialisation
teaching and learning of norms and values from other agencies - school, peers, media, work, religion
what are subcultures
smaller group within a larger group with own norms and values.
willis, subcultures
studied working class boys, joined subcultures bc they know they wouldnt succeed in schools
whats high culture
culture enjoyed by those with higher status in society
high culture, bourdieu 2
- provides ppl with cultural capital
- having appropriate norms and values leads to financial rewards and social mobility. opera, classical music and art
define popular culture 2
- every aspect of culture which isnt high culture
- origins of popular culture due to growth of mass media
popular culture, strinati
media responsible for creating popular culture, influenced with what we see/hear. iphones, louis vutton, gucci, dubai chocolate
whats global culture 3
- collection of specific norms and values, which cross national boundaries
- globalisation is the wider process leading to global culture
- world is becoming a much smaller space due to spread of media and migration, cultural ideas spread easily
ritzer, global culture
societies are becoming similar to each other the same way fast food chains are similar - growth of a homogenous society
define consumer culture 2
- set of ideas that encourages ppl to buy a range of never ending products
- closely connected to global culture, mass media used to promote products for ppl to buy - part of ppls lives
lury, features of consumer culture 3
- availability of a wide range of goods
- being in debt is a norm in society
- shopping is seen as a leisure activity (amazon, westfield)
define cultural diversity 2
- cultural differences in society means that there are different groups in our society that live alongside eachother
- contemporary Uk is a culturally diverse society with a mix of class, ethnicity and sexuality
parekh, cultural diversity 3
- members of society have distinct ways of life but follow dominant culture in society
- some members rebel against central principle in society
- communal diversification = ethnic groups have long established communities e.g= asian and southall
define cultural hybridity 2
- two or more cultures combined to form a new culture
- expansion of mass media has meant its now possible for ppl to consume products from all areas of the world - chicken tikka masala
butler, cultural hybridity
british muslim women follow western ideas on work and education but traditional religious views on role of women
what are formal agencies of social control 2
- those which ensure adherence to the law
- give more serious sanctions to individuals who commit crime, results in criminal record
durkheim, formal social control 2
- agencies of formal social control prevent anomie in society and maintain social stability
- form an important part of the organic analogy, ensure all other institutions can function safely without criminals and rebels
define informal agencies of social control 2
- those who encourage members of society to conform to norms and values
- subtle and rewards and punishments are less severe
althusser, informal social control 3
- refers to informal social control as the ideological state apparatus (ISA) - media, education system and religion
- work to maintain how ppl think so there’s a reduced need for physical means of oppression
- role of ISA is to influence members of society into a particular way of thinking and behaving
