intro to theories and debates Flashcards
whos durkheim 3
- founder of functionalism
- argued society has a reality of its own, that has control over individuals that are part of it
- learn how to act through primary and secondary socialisation
what does durkheim argue 3
- societies needed to create sense of social solidarity - make individuals feel their part of smth bigger
- family, school and work insitutions provide ‘social glue’ making ppl feel belonged
- ‘organic analogy’ - society works like a human body, institutions in society were like organs in body, have functions important for whole society functioning
define anomie
individuals suffer a sense of uncertainty and confusion about their place in the world
define social solidarity
making individuals feel as if their part of smth bigger and teaching them standards about acceptable behaviour
define value consensus
agreement around shared values
define meritocracy
ppl are rewarded on the basis of their ability and effort
define role allocation
each member of society is allocated a job role based on their talents and work ethic
functionalism, parsons 3
- social order achieved not through rule of force nut through institutions promoting value consensus
- committing to common values is basis for order in society
- nuclear family is best family for moral guidance
whats marxism
critique of capitalist societies, campaigned for communist revolution
whats capitalism and what does marx say about it 4
- economic system where means of production are privately owned
- at the heart of capitalism was a class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat
- bourgeoisie exploited workers by paying them less than value of their labour, so they could gain profits
- those with economic power control all other institutions
who were the bourgeoisie
gained means of production through inheritance, born into wealth
who were the proletariat
didnt inherit any money, needed to work for the bourgeoisie
define feminism
political, cultural and economic movements that aim to establish equal rights and legal protections for women
what are the 4 feminist types
radical, liberal, marxist and post structural
what do radical feminists say 2
- society is patriarchal, class of men are oppressors of class of women
- all institutions are fundamentally patriarchal and serve exploitation of women
what do liberal feminists say 2
- gender socialisation is the main problem
- institutions aren’t inherently patriarchal, thru challenging stereotypes and establishing legal equality, men and women live harmoniously in society
what do marxist feminists say
capitalism causes female oppression
what do post-structural feminists say 3
- 3rd and 4th wave of feminism
- women have diverse experiences, cant theorise them homogeneously
- need to consider other factors
what do neo-marxists say
- focus more on importance of the power of ideas in shaping society rather than economic structure alone
neo marxist, gramsci
state maintains power through hegemony
define hegemony
dominance in society of the ruling class’s set of ideas over others, and acceptance and consent of them by rest of society
explain weberianism 2
- individuals actions influenced by social structure but also influence the social structure
- capitalism was inevitable bc of values ppl had across europe
explain interactionism 2
- dont rlly believe in society as a structure, concept of society is a simulation. reality constructed in interactions with eachother
- labelling = acts seem deviant depending on the context, can lead to self fulfilling prophecy
explain post-modernism
shift from industrial society to post industrial society
changes postmodernists talk about 2
- baudrillard = ppl respond to media images rarher than real person, e.g = death of princess diana
- identities becoming fragmented, more freedom in expressing it and inequalities less important
whats the new right theory 2
- supports traditional values and institutions and closely linked with conservative political parties
- welfare state should be removed
what else about new right 2
- nuclear fam type is the best
- decline in traditional family is cause of higher crime rates
charles murray, new right 2
- decline in nuclear fam is due to welfare state, undermines personal responsibility
- dependency culture bc of welfare state
