Social Welfare Flashcards
Definition Social Welfare
This is the well-being of communities. If refers to the access that individuals have to job opportunities, housing, healthcare, education, an unpolluted and safe environment, and freedom to practise one’s culture and religion.
4 zones of city
CBD
inner city
suburbs
rural-urban fringe
street pattern inner city
Rectilinear / Grid Iron
land use inner city
Mixed - housing and industry
2 features of housing inner city
High density
Terraced
3 other features of inner city
No evidence of gardens or open space
works and factories
schools and places of worship
street pattern suburbs
curvilinear
2 features of housing suburbs
Low density
Semi-detached/detached
4 other features of suburbs
gardens and garages
more open space
services for local population
cul-de-sacs and crescents
2 features of housing rural-urban fringe
individual settlements
lowest density
5 other features of rural-urban fringe
farms lots of open space woodland reservoirs golf courses
case study for population increase affecting rural area
East Keswick
case studies for population increase affecting urban area
Harehills
or Brazil migration
case study for population decrease affecting urban area
Harehills
case study for population decrease affecting rural area
East Keswick
4 impacts of pop increase East Keswick
- Influx of elderly = changes demographics
- influx of those buying second homes = changes level of wealth
- impact on provision of services
- more varied, high order services and loss of basic food services e.g. Butchers
2 impacts of pop decrease east Keswick
decline of services
village deserted during day due to commuters = community spirit declines
4 impacts of pop increase Harehills
- 28% Asian/Asian British
- Ethnic food and supermarkets
- Variety of places of worship
- Increased multicultural mix has promoted tolerance
4 impacts of pop decrease Harehills
- Investment in area declines = rundown and neglected
- properties sub-divided or rented = housing quality falls
- Deprived members of society left behind (poor, elderly, single parents) = downward spiral
- employment falls and services close
6 negative impacts of pop increase Brazil
- Urban sprawl = growth of Favelas
- Higher disease due to overcrowding
- lower standard of living
- higher crime rate
- shortage of employment
- pressure on health and education services
2 positive impacts of pop increase Brazil
- Slums of despair to Slums of hope in long term
- Economy grows and standard of living rises due to Self Help schemes
What does a Census collect data on? (4)
Demographic data:
employment, ethnicity, education, housing
4 benefits of a Census to Gov.
- Helps with decision making
- Records changes over previous 10 years and helps future planning
- Predict changes in population and migration patterns
- So enable good Social Welfare provision
How does a Census enable good Social Welfare provision?
- Estimate demand for services such as health, education, employment, housing and transport.
High % children = need more state education
High % elderly = need more doctors and hospitals
What other organisations benefit from a census and how?
Retailers, advertisers, financial services and property developers.
- target marketing campaigns at postcode area
- Sell what’s suitable e.g. ready meals where lots of single adults, ethnic food
- Insurance companies make accurate risk assessments
3 general benefits of a census (as opposed to other methods)
- Can compare different parts of country
- Complete coverage of country
- Data available for variety of geographical sites - Output and Super Output Areas, wards, national parks.
5 problems with census
- Threat to privacy
- Some people don’t return forms
- Conflicts or political conditions make census difficult
- Time delay in getting info as results processed
- Boundary changes of areas = results of census with previous ones not comparable = can’t see change over time
