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AS Geography > Social Welfare > Flashcards

Social Welfare Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition Social Welfare

A

This is the well-being of communities. If refers to the access that individuals have to job opportunities, housing, healthcare, education, an unpolluted and safe environment, and freedom to practise one’s culture and religion.

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2
Q

4 zones of city

A

CBD
inner city
suburbs
rural-urban fringe

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3
Q

street pattern inner city

A

Rectilinear / Grid Iron

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4
Q

land use inner city

A

Mixed - housing and industry

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5
Q

2 features of housing inner city

A

High density

Terraced

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6
Q

3 other features of inner city

A

No evidence of gardens or open space
works and factories
schools and places of worship

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7
Q

street pattern suburbs

A

curvilinear

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8
Q

2 features of housing suburbs

A

Low density

Semi-detached/detached

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9
Q

4 other features of suburbs

A

gardens and garages
more open space
services for local population
cul-de-sacs and crescents

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10
Q

2 features of housing rural-urban fringe

A

individual settlements

lowest density

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11
Q

5 other features of rural-urban fringe

A 
farms
lots of open space
woodland
reservoirs
golf courses
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12
Q

case study for population increase affecting rural area

A

East Keswick

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13
Q

case studies for population increase affecting urban area

A

Harehills

or Brazil migration

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14
Q

case study for population decrease affecting urban area

A

Harehills

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15
Q

case study for population decrease affecting rural area

A

East Keswick

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16
Q

4 impacts of pop increase East Keswick

A
  • Influx of elderly = changes demographics
  • influx of those buying second homes = changes level of wealth
  • impact on provision of services
  • more varied, high order services and loss of basic food services e.g. Butchers
17
Q

2 impacts of pop decrease east Keswick

A

decline of services

village deserted during day due to commuters = community spirit declines

18
Q

4 impacts of pop increase Harehills

A
  • 28% Asian/Asian British
  • Ethnic food and supermarkets
  • Variety of places of worship
  • Increased multicultural mix has promoted tolerance
19
Q

4 impacts of pop decrease Harehills

A
  • Investment in area declines = rundown and neglected
  • properties sub-divided or rented = housing quality falls
  • Deprived members of society left behind (poor, elderly, single parents) = downward spiral
  • employment falls and services close
20
Q

6 negative impacts of pop increase Brazil

A
  • Urban sprawl = growth of Favelas
  • Higher disease due to overcrowding
  • lower standard of living
  • higher crime rate
  • shortage of employment
  • pressure on health and education services
21
Q

2 positive impacts of pop increase Brazil

A
  • Slums of despair to Slums of hope in long term

- Economy grows and standard of living rises due to Self Help schemes

22
Q

What does a Census collect data on? (4)

A

Demographic data:

employment, ethnicity, education, housing

23
Q

4 benefits of a Census to Gov.

A
  • Helps with decision making
  • Records changes over previous 10 years and helps future planning
  • Predict changes in population and migration patterns
  • So enable good Social Welfare provision
24
Q

How does a Census enable good Social Welfare provision?

A
  • Estimate demand for services such as health, education, employment, housing and transport.

High % children = need more state education
High % elderly = need more doctors and hospitals

25
Q

What other organisations benefit from a census and how?

A

Retailers, advertisers, financial services and property developers.

  • target marketing campaigns at postcode area
  • Sell what’s suitable e.g. ready meals where lots of single adults, ethnic food
  • Insurance companies make accurate risk assessments
26
Q

3 general benefits of a census (as opposed to other methods)

A
  • Can compare different parts of country
  • Complete coverage of country
  • Data available for variety of geographical sites - Output and Super Output Areas, wards, national parks.
27
Q

5 problems with census

A
  • Threat to privacy
  • Some people don’t return forms
  • Conflicts or political conditions make census difficult
  • Time delay in getting info as results processed
  • Boundary changes of areas = results of census with previous ones not comparable = can’t see change over time

AS Geography (22 decks)

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