Population Change: Key Terms Flashcards
Death Rate
The number of deaths per 1000 per year in a country
Fertility rate
Number of live births per 1000 women of a normal reproductive age (15-49 years) per year in a country
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman in a population has in her lifetime.
Replacement level
The desired fertility rate of 2.1 births per woman to meet the replacement rate
Life expectancy
The number of years a person in a population can expect to live
Longevity
The increase in life expectancy over a period of time
Natural change
Birth rate - death rate.
Infant mortality rate
Number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year.
Migration rate
Measure of the balance between immigration and emigration
Net migration
Immigration - emigration per 1000 people per year
Population density
The number of people per unit area of land (usually km^2)
Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1000 people per year in a country
HDI
A composite statistic of GNI per capita, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and life expectancy at birth. It forms a scale from 0 to 1, with 1 being the most developed.
Population structure
The composition of the population in terms of age and sex
Population pyramid
Graph showing sex-age distribution of a given population. It shows. The age is shown of the y axis, percentage of population on x axis and sex shown on left/right sides. It shows the structure as one moment in time.
Dependency ratio
A measure of proportion of a population which is composed of dependents (0-14 and 65+) compared to economically active (15-64). Higher ratio = greater dependency.
Formula = % aged 0-14 + % aged 65+ / % aged 15-64
Support ratio
A measure of ratio between those who can provide economic support and those who need it. Inverse of dependency ratio.
Old age index
A measure of proportion of elderly people in a population
Juvenility index
measure of proportion of younger people in a population
Migration
The movement of people from one home to another for at least a year
Net migration
The balance between immigration and emigration
International migration
Movement from one country to another, which involves crossing a border.
Refugee
A person unable or unwilling to return to their homeland for fear of persecution based on race, religion, ethnicity or political opinion, or those who have been displaced forcibly by other factors
Asylum seeker
A refugee who makes a formal application to stay and live in a country when they arrive
Under population
There are too few people in an area to use the resources efficiently and technology. An increased in population would mean resources are used more effective, hence standard of living would rise.
Overpopulation
There are too many people in an area relative to the resources and level of technology available locally to maintain a high standard of living. A reduction in population would result in a rise in living standard.
Optimum population
There is a balance between the population size and the amount of resources available. This is a theoretical population that will produce the highest standard of living.
Who are the optimists in the population resource debate?
Boserup
Simon
Lomborg
Who are the pessimists?
Malthus (+ Neo-Malthusians)
Club of Rome
Ehrlich
