social theory ex 2 Flashcards
What is a positive-sum game?
- everyone invovled gains something, benefits from something
- Axelrod
- you win, i win
- “rich get richer, we all benefit”
What is a negative-zero game?
- a clear cut winner and loser
- Marx
- “rich get richer, poor get poorer”
What is Comos?
- spontaneous order
- areas of “free market” & “free choice”
- Examples would be marriages, religion, friends
What is Taxis?
- human made order
- examples would be AA, culture at Baylor, work office
What does norms of reciprocity?
- states that reciprocating is universal and instinctive
- coined by Axelrod
When is selfish behavior’s best for social order
- when interaction is repeated
- when interaction is positive-sum game
What is the prisoner’s dilemma?
- complete selfish and distrust leads to no cooperation
- you know what the example
What is Cooperation Theory?
- we all work together for a better society
- 4 things for this to work: avoid conflict, stand up for oneself, forgive, and be clear of motives
What is Nash Equilibrium?
- belief that the best social order comes if there is selfish behavior as well as concern for others
- value rationality in the form of legitimate authority and civic sensibility
What does Du Bois believe?
-group identities and norms —> individual consciousness
- CRT
What is sex/gender influenced by?
- stereotypes
- narratives
- roles
- interests
- expectations
What is the Dramaturgical Approach ?
- idea from Goffman
- we internalize of “social” roles; tells us how we are supposed to act
- believes we have a “front stage” and “backstage” self
What does Goffman think of courtship norms?
- leads to a passive and active roles
- affects more than a relationship, affects school and work as well
What is social regulation?
- rules set by society, your culture
- moral order
- having too little leads to anomic suicide
What does one need to be a “healthy” self?
- social regulation
- social integration
What is social integration?
- must feel loved
- feel connected to society
- having too little leads to egotistic suicide
What is anomic suicide?
- happens because of too little social regulation
- “I don’t know what is right”
What is egotistic suicide?
- happens because of too little social integration
- “I’m so lonely”
What is pluralistic ignorance?
- Describes situations where a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but assume (incorrectly) that most others accept it
What are some PL mechanisms?
- desire for social integration
- wanting to “fit in”
- wanting to avoid conflict
- obedient to authority
What are some PL outcomes?
- collective delusion
- people hiding true feelings
What are types of social structures?
- hierarchies
- markets
- groups
- networks
What is culture?
- systems of meaning
What is structure?
- patterns of relationships & reasources
What does Simmel believe?
- micro interactions affect identity
- macro level structures and cultures only come to life through day to day interaction
What does centric circle show?
- idenity is ascribed and static
- networks are homogenous (overlapping)
What does web of group affiliations show?
- identity is cultivated and shifting
- networks are diverse (no overlap)
What is the homophily principle?
- describing the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others, as in the proverb “birds of a feather flock together”
What are “strong” or “bonding” social ties?
- close friends & family
- those you see often and know well
- enhance in-group solidarity
- can limit across-group contacts
What are “bridging” or “weak” social ties?
- acquaintances or “friend of a friend”
- connects us to new opportunities (G)
- can reduce conflict between groups (V)
What are the “strength of weak ties” ?
- connection to information
- connection to opportunities
- connection to a community
- more connecting and trusting
What is the culture of poverty?
- two views really
- creates hard working and resilient people
- creates laziness and dependence
What is the structure of poverty?
- social networks get you the jobs
- history of inequality
- economic disadvantage = lack of social intergration
What are big takeaways for Varsheny?
- weak ties help us from harming each other
- weak ties reduce extreme polarization, economic rivalry, and segregation
- weak ties build tolerance
