Social Studies Greece- chapter 1-6 test review Flashcards
Zeus
the sky god, the most important Greek god
Poseidon
god of the sea
Dionysus
god of vegetation
bards
Greek storytellers
citadel
a walled fortress
hubris
excessive pride
democracy
a Greek word meaning “rule by the people”
Homer
the Greece’s greatest bard. History’s first great poet. He wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
Neolithic
a greek word meaning “new stone age”
paleolithic
a greek word meaning “old stone age”
Minotaur
a large beast that was half-man and half-bull.
describe the major geographical features of Greece
mountainous peninsula that juts out into the Mediterranean Sea.
Size of New York state.
rocky coast over 2,000 miles long
lots of bays and harbors
2 major areas: the south is Peloponnese and is connected to the north half of Greece by a narrow land strip called the Isthmus Corinth
Why did sea trade develop in ancient Greece
the Greeks wanted to exchange their goods for goods from other peoples- like gold, ivory, precious stones, obsidian, lapis lazuli, etc
what 4 things bonded the Greeks
language
religion
similar customs
trade
how did the mountain terrain influence the development of self government
the mountains and seas formed imposing barriers that made travel difficult and isolated the communities from each other
what are some of the things that Sir Arthur Evans discovered in Crete
the remains of King Minos’ palace- including the oldest throne ever found
clay pipes that linked the palace to mountain streams- aquaducts (plumbing)
paintings and art showing Egyptian style
an ancient form of Greek writing- linear A and B
the labyrinth of the Minotaur
milk stones
what did Evans conclude about the paintings of the slim-waisted youths on the walls of the Egyptian tombs built around 1550BCE and the fresco of young men on the walls of the Minoan palace- and was were they proof of
that there were Keftiu-(island people) that were the Minoan traders who came to Egypt to trade with the Egyptians. This was proof of trade relations between Egypt and Crete
what is the legend of the Minotaur?
He was a half man/half bull thought to live in an underground labyrinth under the palace of King Minos.
It was thought King Aegus of Athens killed a son of Minos in battle. To avenge his death, Minos ordered the Athenians to send 14 young men and women to Crete every 9 years- these people were locked in the labyrinth and the Minotaur ate them. One year, Theseus (son of Aegus) asked to be sent as a tribute and he went to Crete. He fell in love with Ariadne (daughter on Minos). She gave him a magic ball of twine to guide him through the labyrinth. Theseus triumphed and killed the Minotaur.
Cultural borrowing is when one civilization borrows ideas from another civilization. What did the Mycenaens borrow from the Minoans?
they borrowed the Minoan craftmanshio in the style of making weapons, jewelry and armor.
They also borrowed the concept of writing- most important
Why was the empire of Mycenae so powerful
They were more war-like than the Minoans. the Myceneans were also very good traders and became very wealthy. they had good ships and controlled important water-ways.
What kind of writing was Linear B writing and why was it found on the Island of Crete
The Minoans introduced the concept of writing to the Myceneans. The Minoan writing was called Linear A. The Myceneans adapted this to their own language- called Linear B. this type of writing was found on Crete because the Myceneans conquered Crete.
Why was Hellespont important? What is its modern name?
The modern name is Dardanelles.
It is a the entrance to a straight that is important strategically- the people who are there control the Black Sea trade route and can charge fees to ships passing through.
What is the main reason the Dorians were able to defeat the Greeks
The Dorians were more ferocious and had weapons made of iron- which were stronger than the bronze weapons of the Greeks
What are 2 things that happened as a result of the Dorian invasion that caused historians to consider this the Dark Ages of Greece
Dorians had no interest in art and writing- the written language of Greece died out
All sea trade came to a stop (the Dorians were not sea men). Greece was not as rich as it had been when it was trading with others
