Social Studies/ Chapter 3/ Egypt, The Old Kingdom

Question 1

lapis lazuli

Answer 1

A beautiful blue stone used to adorn jewelry

Question 2

Nubia

Answer 2

modern Sudan.

Question 3

Hyksos

Answer 3

Foreign invaders that were nomads from Palestine that invaded the Middle Kingdom

Question 4

mercenaries

Answer 4

professional soldiers hired to serve in a foreign country

Question 5

What are the 3 major time periods of Ancient Egypt

Answer 5

Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom

Question 6

How did Egypt’s geography contribute to the development of a highly organized central government

Answer 6

It was easy for officials to keep tabs on the string of communities that lined the single central highway of the Nile River

Question 7

How did the prospering economy help with the development of professions

Answer 7

Men could do other jobs than just farming. They could be ship builders, architects, artists, priests, etc

Question 8

What did the Egyptians trade with the people of Byblos (a city in modern day Lebanon)

Answer 8

cedar wood to build boats and the roofs of temples and palaces

Question 9

What did Egyptians trade with the Syrians

Answer 9

lapis lazuli

Question 10

What did the Egyptians trade with the Nubians

Answer 10

luxury items like gold, ivory, panther skins, and slaves

Question 11

What was the Sinai a source of for the Egyptians

Answer 11

copper- that could be melted down into tools and weapons. It was also a source of turquoise stones.

Question 12

Why did the Egyptians distrust foreigners

Answer 12

1. their customs and appearance were different from their own
2. They thought everyone living outside of Egypt was inferior to them (since the Nile was the center of the Earth- created by gods).
3. Most Egyptians did not travel- and they received wrong reports about other cutlures from soldiers and merchants

Question 13

What is cuneiform

Answer 13

A kind of writing invented by the Sumerians. The Egyptians used this concept of writing to create their own written language

Question 14

What were pyramids

Answer 14

huge stone monuments that were the major achievement in architecture associated with the Old Kingdom

Question 15

Why is the Old Kingdom considered an intellectual highpoint of Egyptian civilization

Answer 15

There were many achievements in architecture, math, and science

Question 16

List 3 reasons Egypt weakened in the Old Kingdom

Answer 16

1. a large amount of the royal treasury was spent on building and maintaining pyramids and temples
2. many members of the upper class (like priests and nobility) avoided paying their fair share of taxes
3. as the population grew, the pharaoh delegated more of his power to the nomarchs- who began to be more independent