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Old Social Studies > Lesson 2/Civilization in Mesopotamia > Flashcards

Lesson 2/Civilization in Mesopotamia Flashcards

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1
Q

civilization

A

A centralized society with developed forms of religion, ways of governing and learning.

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2
Q

technology

A

the skills and knowledge to make products or meet goals

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3
Q

ziggurat

A

a huge, mud-brick temple built by the Sumerians

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4
Q

government

A

an organized system that groups use to make laws and decisions

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5
Q

city-state

A

includes a city and the farm-lands around it

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6
Q

monarchy

A

one person that has complete authority to rule in peace time and lead soldiers in war time.

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7
Q

authority

A

a right

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8
Q

surplus

A

extra supply

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9
Q

merchant

A

a person who buys and sells goods

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10
Q

social class

A

groups with different levels of importance

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11
Q

scribe

A

a person who writes things for others

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12
Q

innovation

A

a new way of doing things

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13
Q

What is a civilization (all 7 characteristics)

A 
people living with shared:
social structure
stable food supply
religion
government
system of writing
culture 
technology
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14
Q

How did dikes help the farmers of Sumer?

A

They held back flood rivers.

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15
Q

How did canals help the farmers of Sumer?

A

They carried extra water back to the rivers.

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16
Q

How did reservoirs help the farmers of Sumer?

A

They stored the remaining flood waters.

17
Q

What were 2 inventions that helped the Sumerian people move things?

A

the wheel and sail boats.

18
Q

How did the religion in Sumer reflect the importance of agriculture?

A
  1. If they please the gods, they would get big harvests in return
  2. If they displeased the gods, the would get floods and other natural disasters
19
Q

Who was Enil?

A

the Sumer god of wind, storm and rain

20
Q

Who was Ea?

A

the Sumer god of water and wisdom

21
Q

What were 2 reasons city-states waged war with each other?

A

To enlarge their farm land

To get rights to use the water supply

22
Q

Why did the city-states of Sumer need to provided stronger leadership?

A

They needed to have ONE government.

23
Q

What kind of government did Sumerian city-states form to provide stronger leadership?

A

They created the Monarchy

24
Q

Who was Gilgamesh and when did he rule?

A

He was a Sumerian king in 2700-2750BC. He ruled Uruk. Legends said he was 1/3 man and 2/3 god.

25
Q

What effect did a food surplus have on life in Sumer?

A

Led to a division of labor. Some could farm and others could be metal workers, merchants, and managers.

26
Q

Sumer merchants traded with merchants throughout what area?

A

the Fertile Crescent

27
Q

What 3 things did Sumerians trade that they had in surplus

A

wheat
copper tools
barley

28
Q

What 5 resources did the Sumerians get that they needed?

A

wood
salt
precious stone
raw copper and tin

29
Q

What were the 3 social classes in Sumer (and who were some of those people)

A
  1. Kings priests and other important people
  2. Middle class: Merchants, managers, carpenters, doctors, brick-layers, potters and scribes
  3. Slaves
30
Q

What kind of roles di Sumerian women fill

A

religious leaders and scribes. Also store owners, tavern keepers, bakers, brewers, midwives, textile manufacturers

31
Q

Name 4 innovations developed by the Sumerians

A
  1. Need to mark boundaries for farming led to a unit of land measurement called the IKU (now called the acre).
  2. Need to measure wheat and barley led to the QUART as a unit of measurement
  3. Need to carry trade goods up river led to people building CARGO BOATS WITH SAILS
  4. Need to keep a record of ownership, trade and taxes led to CUNEIFORM
32
Q

Describe cuneiform

A

wedge shaped symbols where each symbol stands for a different syllable and was based on spoken sound.

33
Q

Definition of civilization

A

a centralized society with developed forms of religions, ways of governing and learning. It includes a stable food supply and a division of labor

Old Social Studies (15 decks)

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