Ancient Egypt Lesson1

Question 1

shaduf

Answer 1

primitive water pump

Question 2

Nekhbet

Answer 2

vulture goddess, patron diety of Nekheb, capital of upper Egypt

Question 3

Wadjet

Answer 3

cobra goddess, patron diety of Buto, capital of lower Egypt

Question 4

catch basins

Answer 4

small ponds that caught flood waters

Question 5

nomes

Answer 5

a single province composed of many villages in a local area

Question 6

nomarch

Answer 6

powerful leader who ruled a nome

Question 7

What was northern Africa like at the end of the last great Ice Age?

Answer 7

grassy fields and green woodlands covered the plains of what is now the Sahara Desert.
Antelope, bison, elephants, wild pigs and tropical birds provided hunters with a plentiful food supply.

Question 8

What was an important discovery that changed the way of life for Egypt forever?

Answer 8

Placing seeds in the soil near the river allowed the Nile River dwellers to grow crops

Question 9

What caused the annual flooding of the Nile?

Answer 9

Heavy spring rains and melting snow in the mountains of Ethiopia

Question 10

How did the shaduf work?

Answer 10

Like a see-saw. The farmer pulled on one end of the stick with the bucket and lowered it to the water

Question 11

What were the narrow strips of land on either side of the Nile River from the First Cataract to the Delta called and why?

Answer 11

Upper and Lower Egypt.
Upper- it was upstream from the Delta
Lower- it was in low marshy land

Question 12

What did the ancient Egyptians call the desert land that didn’t border the river? Why?

Answer 12

The red land. It was ochre-colored sand and rock desert land.

Question 13

Where did the Egyptians build their villages

Answer 13

Near the edges of the Nile- near the black land - Kemet

Question 14

What are 2 reasons the Egyptians built their villages near the Nile?

Answer 14

The soil was fertile with lots of vegetation and animals

They could grow their own crops

Question 15

List 5 ways ancient Egyptians use the animals they domesticated?

Answer 15

1. cattle, donkeys, goats and geese were used as a source of food and clothing
2. Herds of sheep and goats could be driven into the field to trample and press seeds into the soil
3. Oxen to drive the plows
4. Greyhounds and a variety of cats became domesticated (pets)
5. Bees were domesticated and their honey was used to sweeten food

Question 16

Identify the 3 most important crops and their uses

Answer 16

1. wheat- for making bread
2. barley- to make beer
3. flax- fibers used to make linen for clothes

Question 17

What is the specialization of labor, and what does it allow people to do?

Answer 17

It allows people to use their special skills to do what they do best. There could be better crops and tools

Question 18

Why was specialization of labor important?

Answer 18

When farmers were able to harvest 3 different crops in a single year- there could be a specialization of tasks. Men who were skilled with their hands could leave farming to others and make tools and household items.
This was an important step in the development of CIVILIZATION

Question 19

How did irrigation lead to a system of government?

Answer 19

Irrigation required farmers to work together COOPERATIVELY.
The network of waterways had to be inspected because the neglect of one farmer could imperil the harvest of everyone.
Local governments were created to organize and oversee the irrigation projects and to expand into other villages. The NOMARCHS ruled over the nome villages.

Question 20

What were the nomarchs 3 main responsibilities?

Answer 20

1. oversee the construction and maintenance of the irrigation system
2. oversee the storing of surplus grain
3. collect taxes

Question 21

Why is upper Egypt BELOW Lower Egypt on the map?

Answer 21

Upper Egypt’s land is higher. Lower Egypt’s land is in low, marshy land

Question 22

The Nile River lows toward the Egypt delta which lies in the north.

Answer 22

yep

Question 23

The nomes of the first Cataract and the delta were called what? Why?

Answer 23

the Kingdom of Upper Egypt. They were upstream from the delta.

Question 24

What was the kingdom of the Delta called and why?

Answer 24

The Kingdom of the Lower Egypt. It was downstream of the Nile Valley- the area where the Nile emptied in to the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 25

What effect did a surplus of goods have on the villages?

Answer 25

Trade between neighboring villages.

Question 26

How did the Nile River become a highway?

Answer 26

People made boats and sailboats and could go upstream and downstream

Question 27

What were 5 things that were traded by the people of the Delta (lower Egypt)?

Answer 27

onions, lettuce, watermelons, leather, papyrus

Question 28

What were 5 things that were traded by the people of Upper Egypt?

Answer 28

limestone, sandstone, granite, alabaster, basalt

Question 29

What were 2 main differences between upper and lower Egypt kingdoms?

Answer 29

Culture- lower Egyptians were more open and receptive to new ideas.
Language- their dialects were different

Question 30

Who Unified the 2 Egyptian kingdoms

Answer 30

King Menes- the ruler of Upper Egypt. He wore a double crown to symbolize the 2 kingdoms. The red cone symbolized lower Egypt and the white cone symbolized upper Egypt.

Question 31

Where was the capital city of the Unified kingdom of upper and lower Egypt

Answer 31

Memphis because it was centrally located .

Question 32

Who founded the first dynasty (or royal family) of united upper Egypt and how many dynasties followed?

Answer 32

King Menes.

30 dynasties