Social Studies/Egypt Chapter 4-6 Test Review

Question 1

papyrus

Answer 1

Egyptian paper

Question 2

cartouche

Answer 2

oval shaped braided ring that had the Pharoah’s real name on it

Question 3

hieroglyphic

Answer 3

Greek word that means “sacred carved writing.” Egyptian picture writing.

Question 4

Rosetta stone

Answer 4

a stone carved in 196BCE to commemorate the coronation of Memphis of Ptolemy V- a Greek Pharoah. It contained a message that was chiseled in Greek, hieroglyphic and demotic. By making a connection between these different writings, Jean Champollion was able to break the code of hieroglyphics

Question 5

matabas

Answer 5

flat mud-brick tombs in which pharaohs were buried

Question 6

shawabti

Answer 6

the word means “answerer”
small mummy shaped figures that were tucked between the layers of linen that were used to make a mummy. Egyptians thought they would magically come to life to serve the dead pharoah

Question 7

Book of the Dead

Answer 7

A papyrus scroll that contained the same magic formulas as earlier pyramid texts that was placed in the sarcophagus

Question 8

sarcophagus

Answer 8

a huge stone coffin in which the nest of coffins containing the mummy was placed

Question 9

natron

Answer 9

a mineral similar to salt that lined dry lake beds in the western desert. They used this to preserve bodies to make them into mummies

Question 10

pictographs

Answer 10

picture writing used by Egyptians

Question 11

eye of Horus

Answer 11

the symbol for good or restored health. When Seth cut out Horus’s eye- it was magically restored by the god Thoth

Question 12

amulets

Answer 12

small statues of gods

Question 13

wadis

Answer 13

dried lake beds in the western desert where you could find natron

Question 14

volumen

Answer 14

several sheets of papyrus that were glued together and rolled up. the Romans used this term and it describes the first books.

Question 15

deteminative

Answer 15

a mark made next to a writing symbol to indicate which meaning of a word was intended

Question 16

rebuses

Answer 16

picture puzzles

Question 17

Ra

Answer 17

the sun god. He created air and moisture. The most important deity to ancient Egyptians. The myth of Ra explains the miracle of rebirth.

Question 18

Osiris

Answer 18

god of the dead or the god of the underworld. He is killed by his step brother (Seth) and is saved by his wife (Isis). When a pharaoh dies, his soul becomes one with Osiris.

Question 19

Isis

Answer 19

the goddess of the harvest. The wife of Osiris. She brought Osiris back to life after Seth killed him.

Question 20

Horus

Answer 20

the son of Osiris and Isis. a sky god closely linked to the king. His eye was cut out by Seth and replaced magically by the god Thoth. His eye is a symbol for good or restored health. The falcon or hawk is a symbol that represents him

Question 21

Ma’at

Answer 21

a state of perfect harmony. A goddess that represents order and no chaos

Question 22

Aten

Answer 22

the one and only god as declared by Amenhotep. He was the creative force of the universe. He is represented by a sun with rays.

Question 23

Anubis

Answer 23

protector of the dead. God of the mummies. He is symbolized by a jackal.

Question 24

Hapi

Answer 24

god of fertile soil and water.

Question 25

Seth

Answer 25

god of violence. Enemy of Osiris and Isis. He tried to kill Osiris. He cut out Horus eye. He was banished from the fertile valley and forced to live in the desert

Question 26

Geb

Answer 26

god of the Earth

Question 27

Nut

Answer 27

sky godess

Question 28

Amon

Answer 28

the sun god of Thebes. Tutankhamon replaced Aten with Amon

Question 29

The Egyptians were innovative, so why did the Phoenicians become first to develop the true alphabet

Answer 29

They did not want to eliminate any of the word pictures that generations of writers had used before them

Question 30

What was the most important purpose of papyrus

Answer 30

It was used to write on. The world’s first paper

Question 31

Why were scribes so important to Egyptian society

Answer 31

The government always needed someone to record its transactions. Only 2% of the population could read and write

Question 32

What 3 important cycles di Egyptians observe in nature

Answer 32

Life, Death and rebirth.
This could be seen through:
the pattern of light and darkness
the annual cycle of crops that grew in the flood plain
the flooding of the Nile

Question 33

What are Ka and Ba

Answer 33

Egyptians believed that everyone had a ba (a soul) and a ka (an invisible twin of himself). At death, the ka and ba were released from the body.The dead body had to be preserved so that the ka could live in it. The ba was shown as a bird that could fly free

Question 34

What was important about the heart to ancient Egyptians

Answer 34

they believed that the heart was the source of all thought and emotion. It was the most important organ.

Question 35

What was the purpose of the Canopic Jars

Answer 35

they held the organs of the mummy: the intestines, lungs, stomach and liver. the organs were preserved in the jars so that the could be reunited with the body in the Afterlife.

Question 36

How were the organs prepared for a mummy?

Answer 36

The organs were removed and dried in natron. They were wrapped in strips of linen and placed in the ceramic jars

Question 37

What was on top of the 4 Canopic jars and who did they represent

Answer 37

They represented the 4 sons of Horus:
Qebsenuef- falcon
Hapi- baboon
Duamutef- jackal
Imseti- human

Question 38

What was the main purpose for embalming (It wasn’t just to preserve the bodies. WHY did they want to preserve the bodies)

Answer 38

The Egyptian thought that once a person was buried they could have a second life in the Land of the Dead. They thought the ka could not survive without an intact body

Question 38

What was placed in graves and why?

Answer 38

Food and tools were placed in the grave so they would have food and equiptment in the next life.

Question 38

What was placed in graves and why

Answer 38

The canopic jars and objects that might be needed in the afterlife- furniture, tools, weapons, and jewelry. They also put statues of the dead person in the tomb

Question 39

What was the function of the mortuary temple?

Answer 39

So the dead preson’s realitives could make offerings to them.

Question 39

What was the function of the mortuary temple

Answer 39

It was the place where subjects of the pharaoh and family members could bring offerings of food