Social Studies 4:5 Flashcards
What was the British strategy in the Southern colonies during the American Revolution, and who led it?
The British moved the war to the South because of the large loyalist population there. Led by General Clinton and Cornwallis.
What did the British plan to do with the slaves during the American Revolution?
The British planned to free the slaves and use them as soldiers.
What type of fighting did the British use in the South?
The British used brutal “guerilla” fighting with direct combat and “total war,” which involved British destroying crops, farm animals, and burning houses.
Who was British General Banastre Tarleton and what was he known for?
Banastre Tarleton was known for butchering troops and refusing to take prisoners.
Which was the first Southern city to fall to the British?
Savannah, Georgia.
What happened at the Battle of Charleston, South Carolina?
American General Benjamin Lincoln suffered the worst defeat of the war and was forced to surrender 5,400 prisoners to British General Clinton.
What happened at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina?
American General Horatio Gates panicked and ran, resulting in another loss for the Patriots.
Who were the key American leaders who won victories in the South?
General Nathaniel Greene, Commander of the Southern Army, Daniel Morgan, and Francis Marion (the “Swamp Fox”).
What were the names of some key battles that the Americans won in the South?
Cowpens, South Carolina; Kings Mountain, North Carolina; and Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina.
What was Benedict Arnold known for during the Revolution?
Benedict Arnold turned traitor and switched to the British side.
What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
The Battle of Yorktown was the last battle of the American Revolution, where British General Cornwallis surrendered to the Patriots, along with his 7200 troops.
What mistake did British General Cornwallis make during the Battle of Yorktown?
He moved his force of 7,200 men to the peninsula at Yorktown, which trapped them.
How did Washington and the French contribute to the victory at Yorktown?
Washington and French General Rochambeau moved swiftly from the North to trap Cornwallis, and the French naval fleet, led by Admiral de Grasse, blocked British rescue ships.
When did Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown?
Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781, and the Patriots took 8,000 British prisoners.
What event officially ended the American Revolution?
The Treaty of Paris (1783)
What did Great Britain recognize in the Treaty of Paris?
The independence of the United States
What were the new borders of the United States set by the Treaty of Paris?
Great Lakes to the North, Mississippi River to the West, and the northern border of Florida to the South.
What did Spain receive in the Treaty of Paris?
Spain got back Florida.
Who had the most significant role in negotiating the Treaty of Paris?
Benjamin Franklin
Guerilla warfare
Hit and run
Musket
Smooth bore rifle that needed ti be loaded with gunpowder
Offensive
On the move
Defensive
Staying in place and defending a position
Seize
To take
