Social Studies 4:4 Flashcards
Test Tuesday, March 4, 2025
What happened in Montreal in December 1775?
The Patriots captured Montreal, but they failed to capture Quebec, and Great Britain kept control of Canada
Why did some Patriots think Canada could become the “14th colony”?
Some Patriots believed that British-controlled Canada could be a new colony or state for the American cause.
What happened to Washington’s troops in New York?
Washington’s 23,000 militiamen were outnumbered by 32,000 trained British soldiers, and the Patriots were pushed out of New York into New Jersey.
Where did Washington’s army retreat to after leaving New York?
Washington retreated to winter quarters in Moorestown, New Jersey, where armies usually didn’t fight due to weather-related issues.
What was the message in Thomas Paine’s “The American Crisis”?
“These are the times that try men’s souls…”—a call for perseverance during difficult times in the Revolution.
What happened to Nathan Hale?
Nathan Hale was hanged by the British for being a spy for Washington, famously saying, “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
What was the outcome of the Battle of Trenton in December 1776?
Washington crossed the Delaware River, surprised the Hessians, and captured 900 prisoners and vital supplies, boosting morale for the Patriots.
Why was the Battle of Princeton important?
Washington surprised British forces again, securing another victory and boosting American morale after the success at Trenton.
What was the Battle of Saratoga, and why was it significant?
In 1777, General Burgoyne’s army was surrounded and forced to surrender to General Gates. This victory was crucial in convincing France and Spain to support the Patriots.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777?
Washington was outflanked by British General Howe, and the British won, but Washington’s army managed to escape.
What happened at the Battle of Paoli in 1777?
The British attacked American troops at night, using bayonets during the “Paoli Massacre,” resulting in many American casualties.
What happened after the Battle of Germantown in October 1777?
The Americans suffered about 1,000 casualties, but Washington managed to escape and keep his army intact.
What was Valley Forge, and why was it important?
In 1777-1778, Washington’s troops endured harsh winter conditions at Valley Forge, training with Baron von Steuben, emerging as a more disciplined fighting force.
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
A French nobleman who volunteered in the Continental Army, led troops, and financially supported the Patriots during the Revolution.
What role did Baron von Steuben play at Valley Forge?
Baron von Steuben, a Prussian officer, trained the Continental Army, turning it into a more organized and disciplined force.
What was the result of the Treaty of Alliance with France?
After the victory at Saratoga, France officially allied with the Americans, providing soldiers, ships, and supplies.
How did Spain contribute to the American Revolution?
Spain joined the war in 1779, with Governor Bernardo de Galvez helping by seizing British posts in the South.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Monmouth in 1778?
Washington’s newly trained army fought the British to a standstill in New Jersey, demonstrating the strength of the Continental Army after Valley Forge.
Why was the victory at Saratoga considered a turning point?
The victory at Saratoga was key in convincing France and Spain to support the American Revolution, providing vital military and financial aid.
How did the French navy help the American cause during the Revolution?
The French navy provided significant aid, helping the colonists in naval battles, making it harder for the British to dominate the seas.
What did people believe about the British Navy’s role in the Revolution?
People thought the British Navy would easily defeat the Continental Navy, but the British Navy failed to dominate the seas.
What was the Continental Congress’s plan in 1775 regarding the Navy?
In the fall of 1775, the Continental Congress made plans to build 4 warships, which were ready by 1776.
What was the first offensive move by the Americans in the War at Sea?
The Americans launched an offensive to damage the British by attacking their supply base in Nassau, Bahamas, instead of directly attacking British ships.
Who was John Paul Jones, and what made him famous?
John Paul Jones was a Scottish-born sailor who became a famous American naval officer. He is best known for his victory against the British ship Serapis in 1779, famously saying, “I have not yet begun to fight!”
