Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCAT Psych/Sociology > Social Structure > Flashcards

Social Structure Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

emile durkheim and functionalism

A

view that sees society as a living organism with many different parts with a distinct purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

emile durkheim and dynamic equilibrium

A

complex interdependent parts work together to maintain stabillity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functionalist framework’s manifest and latent functions

A

manifest are intended, latent are unintended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

karl marx and conflict theory

ludwig gumplowicz and max weber

A

views society as a competition for limited resources
ludwig gumplowicz thought society was shaped by war and conquest
max weber agreed on capital inequality but agreed there were other factors as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

sees society as a buildup of everyday typical interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rational choice theory

A

argues that we make choices based on greatest reward smallest cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

related social exchange theory

A

we assign different values to different actions and prefer actions with greatest personal benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

methodological individualism

A

all social realities are a result of individual actions and interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

polygyny vs polyandry

A

man married to multiple woman vs woman married to multiple men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endogamy vs exogamy

A

marrying in group vs outside of group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

kinship

A

cultural group, not necessarily family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

egalitarian family

A

spouses are treated as equals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

educational stratification

A

how different school districts, parent involvement etc can affect children’s educational achievement differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecclesia

A

dominant religious organization includes most of society and is official language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

church

A

religion well integrated into larger society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sect

A

religious organization distinct from larger society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cult

A

religious organization far outside society’s norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

secularization

A

process through which religion loses its social significance in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fundamentalism

A

strong attachment to traditional religious beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

religiosity and fundamentalists

A

extent to which religion influences person’s life, extreme versions of this are fundamentalists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rational legal authority, traditional authority, charismatic authority

A

USA
legal rules stipulated in document
power due to custom, tradition
power of persuasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

aristarchic, meritocracy, autocratic, monarchic

A

controlled by small group based on specific qualifications
power given to those with skills
controlled by single person with absolute power
ruled by someone who inherited role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic, oligarchic

A

authoritarian: unelected leaders
totalitarian: unelected regulates public and private life
democratic: elected leaders
oligarchic: small group w shared interest, elected or unelected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

republican government, federalist, parliamentary, presidential

A

people have supreme power, governing representative head shares power with constituent groups, have executive and legislative branches, organized branches including president

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
command, market, mixed, traditional economies
means of production are public (socialism), economy based on market, blend of command and market, social customs in economic decisions
26
communism
type of socialism with absence of currencies, classes, states
27
welfare vs state capitalism
private economy with extensive social welfare programs | companies privately run but work with government in forming laws
28
mechanical vs organic solidarity
mechanical: allows society to remain integrated because individuals have common belief and same experience - share collective conscience organic: integrates through division of labor, each person has different experience
29
medicalization
process by which condition becomes diagnosis w treatment
30
social vs medical model of disease
social emphasizes social class, employment | medical emphasizes physical cause of illness
31
social epidemiology
studies how social organization contributes to disease
32
sick role
others will take up work they did and sick person must fulfill role to try and get better
33
symbolic culture
consists of symbols that are recognized by people of same culture non tangible culture (norms, beliefs, ideas)
34
sapir-whorf hypothesis
people understand their world through language and that language shapes how they experience world
35
material vs non material culture
involves physical objects vs thoughts and ideas
36
values vs beliefs vs norms
cultures standard for evaluating what is good or bad convictions that people hold visible and invisible rules of social conduct
37
sociobiology
biologic basis for behavior
38
cultural diffusion vs cultural transmission
transfer of elements of culture from on group to another | information is spread across generations
39
reverse culture shock
individual returns to initial environment, overwhelmed by social environment
40
population pyramids
help predict population trends and determine the social needs for dependents
41
crude birth and death rate
annual number of births and deaths per 1000 people
42
general fertility rate vs total fertility rate
annual number of births per 1000 women | number of births per single woman in population
43
population lag effect, population momentum
change in total fertility rates are often not reflected in birth rate for several generations, leading to population momentum, when those children produced during that reproduce
44
mortality vs morbidity
death rate vs nature and treatment of disease in population
45
prevalence vs incidence rate
number of people experiencing a disease and number of new cases of a disease
46
case fatality rate
deaths as a result of a set diagnosis
47
external vs internal migration
leaving country vs another region of same country
48
push factor
things that are unattractive about an area that push people to leave
49
urban sprawl and urban blight
migration to urban areas | less functioning areas of large cities degrade as a result of urban decline
50
demographic transition
transition from higher to lower birth rates and death rates as country develops
51
thomas rober malthus and malthusianism, positive and preventative checks
possible rate of population increase exceeds the possible rate of resource increase positive check raises death rate, preventative checks lower birth rate
52
malthusian catastrophe | neo malthusianism
resources cannot support population | movement based on these principles that advocate for population control
53
the great migration
domestic reverse migration | black migration back to urban South
54
racialization
social process where dominant group ascribes racial identities that do not relate to labels
55
heterosexism
homophobic
56
immigration during 17th, 19th, 20th, late 20th
17-18: english colonists/indentured servants 19: migrants from northern europe 20: from southern and eastern europe late 20th: asia and latin america
57
intergenerational mobility
change in social class between parents and children in family
58
intragenerational mobility
difference in social class between different members of same generation
59
class and false consciousness
``` being aware of social class not recognizing state of class relations ```
60
social reproduction
structures that reinforce social inequality
61
power vs prestige
ability to get other people to do something | reputation in society
62
global stratification
compares wealth of various countries

MCAT Psych/Sociology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions