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Personality Flashcards

1
Q

psychoanalytic theory on personality, who started it

vs humanistic theory

A

personality is shaped by a person’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories
developed by sigmund freud
humanistic theory focuses on healthy personality development (inherently good) by Carl Rogers

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2
Q

sigmund freud thought 2 instinctual drives motivate behavior vs humanistic life motivation

A

libido (survival, growth, pain avoidance) and death instinct (drives aggressive behavior fueled by unconscious wish to die or to hurt others)
humanistic: motivation is actualizing tendency/self actualization

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3
Q

psychic energy is distributed among 3 personality components

A

id: unconscious, ruled by pleasure principle to seek to reduce tension, avoid pain, gain pleasure
ego: ruled by reality principle, use logical thinking to control consciousness and id
superego: inhibits id and influences ego to follow moralistic and idealistic goals

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4
Q

ego defense mechanism

A

to cope with anxiety and protect ego, ego distorts reality with repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, regression, sublimation

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5
Q

Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages

A

5 stages
oral stage: child seeks pleasure through sucking/chewing
anal stage: child seeks pleasure through elimination
phallic stage: pleasure through genitals
latency stage: sexual interest subsides for hobbies
genital stage: sexual energy fuels activities

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6
Q

oedipus complex/electra complex

A

child is sexually attracted to opposite sex parent and hostile towards same sex parent

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7
Q

what happens when someone gets overindulged or frustrated at a stage of Freud’s psychosexual stage

A

psychologically fixation - as an adult continue to seek sexual pleasure through behavior related too that stage

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8
Q

Erik Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages

A 
infancy: trust vs mistrust
early childhood: autonomy vs shame and doubt
preschool: initiative vs guilt
school: industry vs inferiority
adolescence: identity vs role confusion
young adult: intimacy vs isolation
middle adult: generativity vs stagnation
mature: integrity vs despair
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9
Q

psychoanalytic therapy vs humanistic therapy vs behavioral therapy vs cognitive behavioral therapy

A

helps patient become aware of their unconscious motives and gain insight into emotion issues and conflicts
humanistic: provide environment to help client trust and accept self and emotional reactions
behavioral: ABC, antecedents, consequences, behavior - teaching how to relax
cognitive behavioral therapy: help become aware of irrational root of thoughts and beliefs

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10
Q

how child develops according to humanistic theory

A

self concept: conditional approval by caregiver depending on behaviors done, creates concept of child’s consciousness in relation to subjective perceptions

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11
Q

incongruence

A

encountering experiences that contradict self concepts

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12
Q

behaviorist perspective on personality, how it is deterministic

A

personality results from learned behavior patterns based on person’s environment
deterministic: people are blank slates, and environmental factors determine

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13
Q

how do people learn behavior according to behaviorism

A

through classical and operant conditioning

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14
Q

social cognitive perspective on personality

A

personality formed by interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

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15
Q

2 parts of personality traits

A

surface trait: evident from person’s behavior

source trait: underlying human personality and behavior

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16
Q

raymond cattell and surface trait factor analysis in relation to mccrae and costa’s big 5 personality traits

A

raymond cattell: 16 personality traits
5 global factors
extroversion, anxiety (neuroticism), receptivity (openness), accommodation (agreeableness), self control (conscientiousness)

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17
Q

hans eysenck’s perspective on extroversion

A

person’s level of extroversion is based on individual differences in reticular formation

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18
Q

jeffrey alan gray’s perspective on personality

A

interaction between 3 brain systems that respond to rewarding and punishing stimuli
fearfulness and avoidance is sympathetic, worry and anxiety is parasympathetic

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19
Q

c robert cloninger’s perspective on personality and hormones

A

linked personality to reward, motivation, punishment

low dopamine is high impulsivity, low norepinephrine is high approval seeking, low serotonin is risk avoidance

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20
Q

person situation controversy

A

considers degree to which a person’s reaction to a given situation is due to personality or situation itself

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21
Q

factors that influence motivation

A

instinct: unlearned
drive: urge from physiological discomfort
arousal: desire to achieve
needs: high level needs

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22
Q

drive reduction theory

A

need - leads to drive - and drive reducing behavior

23
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
base
physiological needs
safety needs
love and belongingness
esteem needs
self actualization
top
24
Q

3 factors that contribute to psychological disorders

A

biological, sociocultural, psychological influences

25
anxiety disorder | examples
excessive fear panic disorder: has had at least one panic attack and is worried about more phobias, general anxiety, social anxiety
26
obsessive compulsive disorder
pattern of obsessive thoughts coupled with maladaptive behavioral compulsions
27
trauma and stressor related disorder, etiology. names of disorders relating to length
unhealthy response to harmful event | etiology: cause of condition
28
somatic symptom disorder
symptoms cannot be explained by medical condition
29
bipolar disorders, manic episode
mood swings | manic episode: person experiences abnormal euphoric unrestrained mood - lots of unfocused energy
30
depressive disorders, examples
disturbance in mood major depressive disorder: suffered at least one major depressive episode persistent depressive disorder: less intense chronic depression premenstrual dysphoric disorder: only in women, in conjunction with menses
31
schizophrenia, examples
loss of contact with reality | can experience delusions, hallucination
32
dissociative disorders
disruptions in memory, awareness, perception dissociative identity disorder: alternate among 2 or more distinct personalities can experience dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue (wandering during episode)
33
personality disorders, 3 clusters
maladaptive patterns of behavior that depart from social norms cluster A: paranoid, schizo cluster B: antisocial, narcissistic cluster C: avoidant, obsessive
34
eating disorders
disruptive emotional patterns around eating
35
neurocognitive disorders
cognitive abnormalities or decline in memory/problem solving
36
sleep-wake disorders
excessive or deficient sleep patterns
37
substance related addictive disorders
psychological or physiological dependence on substance
38
PTSD vs acute stress disorder
PTSD is for more than month | adjustment disorder: stressor not a trauma, symptoms last less than 6 months
39
somatic symptom disorder examples illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, factitious disorder
illness anxiety disorder: hypochondriac conversion disorder: emotion or anxiety manifests itself into physical symptom factitious disorder: falsifying evidence of disorder, can be on self or on another
40
bipolar 1 vs 2 | name of less intense bipolar disorder
bipolar 1: there has been a spontaneous manic episode mixed episode: person has had major depressive and manic episodes nearly every day for a week bipolar 2 disorder: cyclic moods cyclothymic disorder: similar to bipolar but less extreme
41
brief psychotic disorder, catatonic schizophrenia, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
brief psychotic disorder: positive symptoms for a day to a month catatonic schizo: negative symptoms are dominant schizophrenia: positive and negative symptoms for longer than 6 months schizoaffective disorder: combines mood and psychotic symptoms - major depressive, manix, or mixed episodes with psychotic
42
dissociative disorder examples | depersonalization disorder, derealization disorder
depersonalization disorder: persistent feeling of being cut off from their body derealization disorder: feels that people in external word are not real
43
paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder
paranoid personality: mistrusts others motives and actions schizoid personality: loner with little interest in close relationships antisocial personality: behavior problems since young age borderline personality: recurrent instability in impulse control, mood histrionic personality: wants to be center of attention narcissistic personality: grandiosely feels important avoidant personality: feels inadequate and inferior dependent personality: feels need to be taken care of and unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of self obsessive compulsive personality: accumulate worthless objects
44
stress-diathesis theory with schizophrenia
has genetic inheritance but stressors ellicit onset of disease
45
dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenic patients
dopamine is hyperactive leading to positive symptoms
46
nervous system disorders with biological bases
schizophrenia, depression, alzheimer's, parkinson's
47
characteristics of alzheimer's disease
neuritic plaques (beta amyloid protein) and neurofibrillary tangles (tau proteins)
48
parkinson's disease caused by
death of cellls that generate dopamine in basal ganglia and substantia nigra leads to tremors, slow movement
49
attitude has 3 main components
ABC | affect (emotion), behavior tendencies, cognition
50
situations where attitude actually predicts behavior
1. when social influences are reduced 2. when general patterns of behavior are observed (don't look in terms of every single action) 3. when specific attitudes are considered vs general 4. when attitudes are made more powerful through self reflection
51
principle of aggregation
an attitude affects a person's general behavior not necessarily each isolated act
52
situations where behavior is more likely to influence attitude
1. role playing 2. public declarations 3. justification of effort - similar to foot in the door, already put in this much effort
53
cognitive dissonance theory
feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts that are incompatible
54
attachment theory
parent child relationships strongly influence the child's attitude about the self and world

MCAT Psych/Sociology (5 decks)

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