Social Stratification Midterm #1 Flashcards
Doug Ford wanting to halve the council is an example of a premier wanting to enact which clause?
Non-Withstanding Clause
Who was Delwin Vriend?
An Albertan, homosexual man who was fired from his job because he was gay - Klein wanted to invoke Not-Withstanding Clause
Who was Leilani Muir
Young girl who was steralized by the Alberta Home for Mental Defectives
2 times the Not-Withstanding Clause was proposed in Alberta:
- Lost job of homosexual man
2. Steralization of young girl without consent
Term that observed who gets what and why?
Social stratification
2 ways of gaining status in our society
ascribed and achieved
Achieved status operated under the idea of:
meritocracy
Term for the investment that you put into yourself
meritocracy
Type of status that you are born into
ascribed
Who spoke about the theory of the circulating elite?
C. Wright Mills
What are the three realms of elite in C. Wright Mill’s Theory of the Circulating Elite?
Military, Government and Business
Theory of the Circulating Elite suggests that if one works their way up the ranks or if their family is in good positions…
They will stay around the same level at the higher ranks. You don’t start from the bottom.
Another word for social ranks
strata
Having a family stay within the same social ranks/strata is called
social reproduction
People are culturally bound in:
time and circumstance
2 high values in society:
Youth and wealth
the New Edmonton School Program positioned the teacher as what for the students?
The guide, making students the decision makers
Why didn’t the new Edmonton school program work in NE Edmonton?
Parents of children with lower socioeconomic status wanted children to be socialized into being first to have higher education, therefore need more instruction and authority
Who was John Porter?
A Canadian sociologist who talked about status and social class in Canada
Porter’s 3 components to social class in Canada
- Income
- Power
- Prestige
A job that has a lower income but high prestige
fireman
What is another phrase linked to Fordism?
Deskilling the worker
taking a persons job and disassembling it into component parts is called
fordism/deskilling the worker
Term for patterns of social relationships, consumption of material goods and culture
lifestyles
What is central to social inequality?
Class
Grabb suggests that social groupings differ mostly under what categories?
- Money
- Wealth
- Property
Who was Bernard Blishen
Ranked occupations in Canada
What did Bernard Blishen discover?
most underpaid people are child or elderly care givers
Who was the father of modern sociology?
Karl Marx
3 great changes in society during the industrial revolution
- Migration into urban areas
- Moving from subsistence lifestyle to wage-labor in city
- Social organization
What type of views was Karl Marx exposed to growing up?
Egalitarian, intellectual views
Karl Marx was strongly influenced by what theoretician?
Hegel
Who was Rosa Parks?
Forerunner in the civil rights movement who refused to ride on the back of the bus in the US
What does the hegelian dialectic suggest about theory?
Theory moves to the anti-theory, and then comes back in between the theory and the anti-theory for synthesis
Engles and Marx would have meetings together in a labor union called:
“The Communist League”
Who spoke about the surplus wealth?
Marx
What is the surplus wealth according to Marx?
the value added to a particular item on top of how much it usually costs
Who was Edgerton Ryerson?
The father of public education who convinced property owners to pay taxes to get children in schools and out of causing trouble around farms
term for groups of individuals who have the same economic, social, legal access to the goods in society and are able to have the same lifestyles
class
To Marx, what is the most important aspect of society?
economy
What did Marx notice about the distribution of wealth?
That wealth was being concentrated in the hands of very few people
What is the theory that states that the material conditions of life ultimately determine the course of history?
Historical Materialism
4 different forms of society that Marx says we move through
- Slave-based
- Feudal
- Capitalism
- Socialism
How is Marx a conflict theorist?
says conflict causes change in society
What is Marx’s idea of praxis?
that the working class are the ones that would bring change by rising up
How was Marx different than hegel?
He wanted to bring Hegel’s ethereal ideas into the real world
Who said each society exists with the germ of it’s own destruction?
Saint Simon
2 parts of labelling theory
Affixing the label and the treatment recieved after a label has been affixed
3 components of the capitalist system
- Commodity
- Exchange Value
- Abstract Labor Time
Term for anything that is produced for exchange and not for the use of the producer
commodity
3 perks for deskilling the worker
- Replaceable
- Hard to move up
- Can’t leave to start own business
Term that refers to amount of human labor time that goes into the production of a commodity
exchange value
Term that refers to labor in general, or the average time it takes to produce a commodity in society given the level of technology and knowledge
abstract labor time
Term for a situation where proletariat become aware of their position and realize things are not good for them, begining to act on alleviating their oppression
Class consciousness
The key to class consciousness according to Marx is…
awareness and action
4 ways labor alienation happens according to Marx
Alienation from:
- The product they produce
- The process of labor itself
- Other workers
- Their human potential
Marx argues that …… is very important for workers to feel fulfilled in their work
the creative process
According to Marx, class struggle is defined as:
conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat
Who spoke about “The Protestant Work Ethic”
Max Weber
What is the gist of the protestant work ethic?
Hard work and self-responsibility leads to salvation
3 components to rationalization
- Reason
- Calculation
- Pursuit of particular interests
3 components of legitimate authority
- Tradition
- Bureaucratic/ Rational Legal
- Charismatic
When does a case go to the supreme court in Canada?
when there a completely new situation without a precedent to follow
Who spoke about the decline in the legitimacy of leaders and replacement of charismatic leaders?
Max Weber
An example of non-legitimate authority
a coercive regime such as a threat of violence
7 aspects of bureauocracy (R.S.H.T.S.O.A)
- Bound by rules
- Specialized duties
- Hierarchy of positions
- Technical rules and norms
- Separations between personal and professional affairs
- Individuals do not own their office
- Admin decisions are recorded in writing
3 ways the Charter of rights and freedoms represents a bureaucracy
- Eliminates needing new resolution for similar cases
- Standard treatment
3, Ignorance is no excuse
Weber believed the role of religion was to:
help people cope
Weber believed that type of religions that people follow is dependent on:
the class or status of an individual
Weber suggests that small trades follow religions of:
faith, hard work and devotion to bring ‘just rewards’
Weber suggests that rich business class follow religions that are oriented at:
the here and now, not the afterlife
Weber suggests that lower classes choose religions of
salvation, hoping for better life in the next world
Weber’s 3 basicsof social stratification
- Class
- Property
- Power
Weber says class is an economic category developed by:
human interaction in the market
Weber says class is a part of a system of:
competitive exchange
To Weber, property is defined as
not only owning things, but the property of individual intelligence, motivation, education, meritocracy
Weber’s definition of power
a status group and party with interest groups that are involed in a struggle
Who is interested in the reoccuring patterns of societal behaviour and meanings behind actions?
Weber
Who said religion is opiate for the masses?
Marx
Weber said that in order for society to prosper, we need:
organization
Weber’s primary focus:
subjective meaning of people taking action
term for placing yourself in the shoes of an other
sympathetic imagination
Weber’s view on modern society
goal-oriented
What is the ideal type?
a conceptual tool, asking if something were perfect, what would it be?
the view that causation is not a single kind of relation or connection between things in the world.
Casual pluralism
Durkheim’s stance on the division of labor
believes that issues arise when social development proceeds in a way that it undermines the similarities and recognition of one another (collective -> autonomous)
What two things does division of labour emphasize?
social differentiation and social heterogeneity
To Durkheim, the fault line that caused the division of labour was
the industrial revolution
To Durkheim, what causes differences in lifestyles and promotes individualism, and thus inequality?
fragmentation and division of individuals into occupational groups
To Durkheim, a weak collective conscious results in…
loss of control over the behaviour of individuals
Durkheim’s 3 forms of division of labour
Normal, anomic, and forced
the positive form of division of labour that has general regulations to guide the interactions between people
normal division of labour
form of division of labour that can be said to have fairness in the attainment of positions in society
normal
In normal divisions of labor, who’s desires are fulfilled?
both the individual’s and collective’s
The name of the policy that requires federal jurisdiction employers to engage in proactive employment practices to increase the representation of four designated groups
The Employment Equity Policy
What are the four designated groups covered in the Employment Equity Policy
women, people with disabilities, aboriginals and visible minorities
Form of division of labor where mutual contributions and obligations are denied or overlooked, resulting in competition
Anomic
In anomic divisions of labour, there is conflict between…
capital and labor: concentration of capital ownership to a select few
Form of division of labor where division of labor is not allowed to develop spontaneously and where some act to protect themselves and their positions
forced
What does Durkheim suggest keeps society unified by holding collective values?
religion
4 types of suicide
- Anomic
- Egoistic
- Altruistic
- Fatalistic
Type of suicide where integration (sacrifice for others) is too high
Altruistic
Type of suicide where integration is too low (feeling alone)
Egoistic
Type of suicide where regulation is too high, such as feeling like you can’t make decisions in your own life, being stressed at school
fatalistic
Type of suicide where regulation is too low and have an “anything goes”, “boom bust” mentality
anomic
