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Fall 2018 > Social Stratification Final Exam > Flashcards

Social Stratification Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

In Walrus’s article, “Who Gets to be Gifted?”, there was a meeting discussing what effort?

A

The removal of discriminatory barriers to high school achievement

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2
Q

the “Director’s Response to Enhanced Equity” wanted to remove discriminatory barriers by doing what?

A

Phasing out non-academic streams, including applied streams

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3
Q

Two groups of concern in the “Who Gets to be Gifted?” article

A

Disadvantaged groups and those with a surplus of advantage

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4
Q

The overall reaction from gifted student and parents regarding the director’s response to equity was…

A

That a mixed classroom would reduce the learning opportunities of the gifted students and enable mediocrity

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5
Q

What percentage of black and white students are in the academic stream program in Toronto?

A

53% black and 81% white

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6
Q

Harry Rist is best known for:

A

The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in education

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7
Q

What does Harry Rist argue?

A

That making pre-determined judgments on a student will impact their educational outcome

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8
Q

Which structural functionalist sees society as an organism of many parts put together?

A

Emile Durkheim

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9
Q

The patterns or relationships among societies that stay relatively permanent

A

“Structure” in structural functionalism

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10
Q

a need that is fulfilled within society by becoming a social task performed by a social group

A

“Function” in structural functionalism

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11
Q

Who said that a social function is a social task performed at a certain degree of adequacy in order for a social group to exist and maintain it’s membership?

A

Talcott Parsons

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12
Q

Giving special education to one group and not the other can be seen as a form of

A

social reprofuction

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13
Q

When certain social groups, such as the elite and the ordinary, know what is specifically expected of them

A

Social order

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14
Q

What tells a person about the rules and expectations of a society?

A

Norms

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15
Q

Trivial norms and conventions that are shared by members of society, such as styles of clothing, manners and dietary choices

A

Folkways

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16
Q

The important ethical rules of a group

A

mores

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17
Q

Two types of norms

A
  1. folkways

2. mores

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18
Q

A standard by which members of a society judge behavior and serve as a way to choose between various possible goals

A

values

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19
Q

What is the status-role bundle?

A

In structural functionalism, an individual is seen as a social actor that occupies a status and role

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20
Q

Explain the status-role bundle of a police officer

A

Status: Police Officer
Role: Enforce rules, protect, surveillance, to not abuse powers

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21
Q

Examples of Parson’s “organs” of society

A

Education, health care, legal systems…all areas of expertise

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22
Q

Structures and processes by which human beings form meaningful intentions and implement them into concrete situations

A

Social actions

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23
Q

The social action system has four parts, hierarchically arranged:

A
  1. Cultural System
  2. Social System
  3. Personality System
  4. Behavioral Organism
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24
Q

3 Criticisms of structural functionalism

A
  1. Tries to account for all social phenomenon
    1. Ignores important details of a society and highlights others
    2. Assumes that existing structures in society are ideal, good, and efficient
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25
Q

A system of beliefs, rituals, values and symbols

A

Cultural System

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26
Q

What system helps us define status, rights, and obligations of members?

A

Social systems

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27
Q

3 main circumstances that led to the starlight tours

A
  1. Fear and lack of trust in police
  2. Racism and stereotypes in police force
  3. Tendencies to blame the victim
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28
Q

3 ways the police’s authority was abused in the Starlight Tours

A
  1. Assault on innocent people
  2. Burning evidence
  3. Not being approachable and trustworthy
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29
Q

4 ways police can move forward from the Starlight Tours

A
  1. Mend relationship with indigenous community
  2. Give community justice
  3. Raise cultural awareness
  4. Dash cams
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30
Q

4 disadvantages groups that are supported in the Pay Equity Bill in Canada

A
  1. Women
  2. Visible Minorities
  3. Indigenous peoples
  4. People with disabilities
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31
Q

What was Dr. Voyageur’s dissertation on ?

A

How indigenous people were affected by the pay equity bill

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32
Q

What wage percentage do female aboriginals make compared to non-aboriginals?

A

53%

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33
Q

Aboriginal males in Alberta are more likely to take on what types of jobs?

A

trades and construction

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34
Q

Aboriginal females are more likely to take on what types of jobs in Alberta?

A

Sales and services

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35
Q

Krahn and Lowe described a good job to be

A

full time, relative autonomy and authority, a living wage

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36
Q

What percentage of marriages will end up in divorce?

A

50%

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37
Q

The feminization of jobs often leads to

A

lowering the value and income of jobs

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38
Q

What percentage of people in Canada live with some sort of disability?

A

15%

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39
Q

How many students are in U of C with a disability?

A

2000

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40
Q

The fasted growing population in Canada are

A

seniors

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41
Q

number of students over 45 at u of c

A

671

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42
Q

Over the past 4 years, the number of students in Canada with disabilities has…

A

doubled

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43
Q

In Harry Rist’s study, what were the names of the three groups that children were sorted into?

A

Eagles, Swallows and Clowns

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44
Q

The result of Harry Rist’s study showed

A

That the teacher’s interactions with students determined their academic achievement

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45
Q

The documentary featuring the Starlight tours was called

A

Two worlds colliding

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46
Q

What does conservativism say is a feature of established institutions?

A

tradition and social stability

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47
Q

The fastest growing crime in Canada is

A

Child pornography

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48
Q

Recently, and Ontario Catholic school principal asked what of the female students?

A

To stand up so that they could check the length of their skirts

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49
Q

As women, we are more likely to be poor in our life than men. This is also known as

A

the feminization of poverty

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50
Q

Unmarried women used to be called …… and are now called……..

A

Spinsters / Marriage resisters

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51
Q

Med Luxton is best known for the concept of

A

the double day/the second shift

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52
Q

When people go to work and then come home to do another shift of work, it is called

A

the second shift/the double day

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53
Q

Rosabeth Moss-Kanter discussed what in relation to men and women in the workplace?

A

That the prestige and status that women got in the workplace was linked to that of their boss

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54
Q

What does DARVO stand for?

A

Deny/Attack/Reverse/Victim/Offender

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55
Q

What is DARVO?

A

A strategy for diverting or distracting from the main inssue

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56
Q

What are sanctuary cities?

A

Cities in Canada that enforce national border law, but also want to reduce fear of deportation / family break up. Have rights and access to police, health, and educational services

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57
Q

Who spoke about the rotating elite?

A

C. Wright Mills

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58
Q

Inherited money and the associated culture is called

A

old money

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59
Q

New money, such as someone that wins the lottery or a champion athlete is called

A

nouveau riche

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60
Q

9 common characteristics that are a site of inequality

A
  1. Race
  2. Gender
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Class
  5. Religion
  6. Age
  7. Disability
  8. Sexual Orientation
  9. Fat Shaming
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61
Q

Ralph Dahrendorf is best know for

A

Departing from structural functionalism and looking at Marx and Weber’s work

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62
Q

Ralph Dahrendorf is optimistic about

A

political and economic systems can and will work for the greatest amount of poeple

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63
Q

Ralph Dahrendorf says that concept of ownership is outdated because:

A

Corporations are not owned by one person, but stockholders

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64
Q

What is ‘green mail’

A

a hostile take over of a company - forceful

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65
Q

the institutionalization of class conflict suggests that

A

conflict is inherent in a social structure

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66
Q

Term for needing to meet certain criteria to be a member of an association

A

professionalization

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67
Q

3 methods for settling disputes as discussed in class

A

Conciliation, mediation, arbitration

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68
Q

2 parts of court cases

A
  1. Civil (civilian against civilian)

2. Criminal (crime against the crown)

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69
Q

Term for a law making it a crime to be a person wandering from place to place without visible means of support (money)

A

Vagrancy law

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70
Q

Under vagrancy law, how much money do you have to have in your pocket?

A

$2

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71
Q

The chronology of major theories

A
  1. Left (CONFLICT): Inequality based on struggle, rooted in class or economic power
  2. Right (CONSENSUS): Inequality based on consensus, competing using rules of conduct that have been agreed upon
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72
Q

In leftist theories, change happened through

A

revolution

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73
Q

2 positive effects of inequality

A
  1. Meritocracy

2. Supply and Demand

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74
Q

In the labor market, how much money (percentage) do women make in comparison to men?

A

80%

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75
Q

Term for the unofficial barrier that prevents advancement within a profession

A

the glass ceiling

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76
Q

Who earn the most in restaurants?

A

Attractive women via tips

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77
Q

3 tactics that women use to get better tips

A
  1. Put something in their hair
  2. Lightly touch customer
  3. Introduce self
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78
Q

Tactics for receiving good tips are associated with:

A

attractiveness and appearance

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79
Q

In the service industry, the low end businesses include

A

bars, pubs, and cafes

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80
Q

In the service industry, high end businesses are called

A

tablecloth restaurants

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81
Q

The gender of servers in high end restaurants are mostly

A

male

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82
Q

What did Neumark’s study show?

A

That in high end venues, 48% of men got hired compared to 9% of women, despite them all having the same skill level

83
Q

In the article “Sexism will be served”, what case was highlighted

A

A lawsuit was filed by men against the restaurant chain, Hooters, for only hiring attractive females

84
Q

Media tends to link missing and murdered aboriginal women with a history of

A

violence and drug abuse

85
Q

poverty and homelessness are what type of violence?

A

Structural violence

86
Q

Social constructionism explains reality as…

A

not objective, but perceived through social conditions

87
Q

Term for the process of focusing on a particular aspect of an issue

A

framing

88
Q

Who was Robert Pickton?

A

a pig farmer from Vancouver who murdered 49 indigenous women

89
Q

In media stories about Robert Pickton’s murders, the focus was on what?

A

Pickton’s life and how it led up to the murders, not on the lives of those who were killed

90
Q

the program assigned to solve missing and murdered indigenous women’s cases

A

E-PANA

91
Q

3 male dominated fields at u of c

A

Business, Engineering and Sciences

92
Q

4 female-dominated fields at u of c

A

Nursing, education, sociology, and arts

93
Q

The learning of gender stereotypes is a part of what theory?

A

gender schema theory

94
Q

The first and second socializers are (respectively)

A

Family and school

95
Q

Women with STEM degrees are more likely to be

A

unemployed of job mismatched than properly employed

96
Q

in 2016, what percentage of trades jobs were taken by women?

A

12%

97
Q

4 barriers women face when entering the trades

A
  1. Macro level
  2. Organizational
  3. Interpersonal
  4. Individual
98
Q

Term for the large structures in society such as cultural norms and family, that act as a barrier for women to enter the trades

A

Macro level barriers

99
Q

Organizational barriers include

A

policies, norms and standards

100
Q

Interpersonal barriers to trades include

A

attitudes and behaviors of coworkers, family and peers

101
Q

Individual barriers to trades include

A

personal knowledge, beliefs and attitudes

102
Q

In order to combat the barriers to the trades, women decide to

A

masculinize themselves

103
Q

myth referencing how women who talk and act in the way men do are punished

A

the bitch myth

104
Q

the invisible barrier that keeps minorities including women from getting promoted and keeping them from rising to the upper levels of the corporate ladder - regardless of their qualifications

A

the occupational glass ceiling

105
Q

Black and caucasian individuals abuse drug laws at the same rate, but blacks are more likely to be

A

stopped, searched, arrested, etc.

106
Q

In a study that showed white and black people and asked the officers if the people were armed or unarmed and if they would shoot or not shoot - the officers were more likely to ….

A

shoot the black man, and say that the black man was armed

107
Q

In their presentation, one group argued that crime is a …. developed by those in power

A

social construct

108
Q

Who is the typical crime offendor?

A

Mostly anyone who is not white

109
Q

The Jim Crow Laws were

A

statutes and ordinances which were established by most americans to separate white and black races

110
Q

Which laws allowed african-americans to be arrested for minor infractions without visible evidence?

A

vagrancy laws

111
Q

In a news story describing sexual assault cases at a boys school in toronto, parents were mad at the media because:

A

the believed that the media were trying to make the school look bad

112
Q

Gemma Hartley’s book “Fed Up” is focused on

A

women’s emotional labor and worrying in the household

113
Q

In Hartley’s book, she argues that women’s helplessness in emotional labor at home is…

A

learned

114
Q

What event prioritized security over privacy in relation to technology?

A

9/11

115
Q

the 2003 famous hacking group deemed as social activists

A

Anonymous

116
Q

What did the group, Anonymous, do?

A

attempted to hack the government to free the information that was not shared with the public

117
Q

Who is Edward Snowden?

A

the whistle blower who exposed that the US is surveilling all citizens and not just protecting them

118
Q

The collections of data on consumers are called

A

data brokers

119
Q

The UN adopted the universal Declaration of Human Rights in what year?

A

1948

120
Q

In what year did the UN general assembly adopt the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities?

A

2006

121
Q

Post-secondary’s 4 responsibilities in regard to accommodating those with disabilities

A
  1. Respond to requests for accommodation
  2. Develop accommodation plans
  3. Review and revise those accommodations
  4. Inform others when denying a request and provide reasons to denial
122
Q

5 reasons we should care about making u of c accessible

A
  1. Become aware
  2. Temporary disabilities and injury
  3. Aging population
  4. Older student and staff at u of c
  5. There are more students with disabilities
123
Q

Which u of c student highlighted how the negative attitudes about disabled students is still prevalent in our school environment?

A

Gerald Finger

124
Q

Gerald Finger’s 4 barriers

A
  1. Environmental barrier
  2. Accessible barrier
  3. Barrier free
  4. Psychological barrier
125
Q

The psychological barrier in Finger’s study refers to

A

the impact of environmental barriers on feelings of competency and self worth

126
Q

Eric Erickson discussed:

A

the different stages we got through in life

127
Q

Erikson’s 6 stages

A
  1. Infancy
  2. Early childhood
  3. School age
  4. Adolescence
  5. Adulthood
  6. Old age
128
Q

Erikson’s infancy stage is characterized by

A

dependence and trust on others to keep a child alive

129
Q

the beginning of autonomy, development of rules and guilt happens in which life stage?

A

early childhood

130
Q

School age is commonly associated with what part of development?

A

task identification - this is my role in society

131
Q

The gradual acquisition of identity happens at which life stage?

A

adolescence

132
Q

Which crisis happens in adulthood?

A

Crisis of intimacy

133
Q

The old age stage is best known for the development of

A

integrity and wisdom

134
Q

James and Prout argued what when referring to childhood?

A

The concept of childhood is not universal and is not timeless. It shifts across history, location, gender and class

135
Q

In “Centuries of Childhood”, Phillie Aries argues that childhood is what type of concept?

A

a modern concept

136
Q

the conceptualization of childhood coincided with modern notions of:

A

family, home, privacy and individuality

137
Q

Before the concept of childhood, young people were…

A

fully integrated into society and did not receive any special protection

138
Q

Term for the time around age 25 when people who have been involved in crime either decide they want to change their life or continue their lifestyle as a criminal

A

Maturational reform

139
Q

What ratio of people in Canada are seniors?

A

1 in 6

140
Q

3 categories of seniors

A
  1. Young
  2. Middle-aged
  3. Older
141
Q

a discriminatory employment pattern that keeps a certain group of people at the bottom of the job scale

A

The sticky floor

142
Q

a career path that allows a mother flexible or reduced work hours but tends to slow or block advancement

A

mommy track

143
Q

the circulating elite is

A

a system that ensures increased opportunity for particular people

144
Q

How may it affect a heterosexual family and/or household differently if a father were to take parental leave rather than the mother?

A

men would be praised if left, but for women, it would be seen as her duty to leave work

145
Q

7 traditional values/ grandfather teachings in indigenous culture

A
  1. Wisdom
  2. Respect
  3. Bravery
  4. Honesty
  5. Truth
  6. Love
  7. Humility
146
Q

What is the FNMI DR: Triangle?

A

Senior/Employable/Children and Youth

147
Q

Most First Nations are governed by …

A

An elected chief and council

148
Q

The pre-confederation treaties were based on

A

peace and friendship - allies

149
Q

The post-confederation treaties promised

A

sharing land with indians, that the government would pay for teachers and that they wouldn’t have to pay taxes

150
Q

In the Indian Act, the Metis, Inuit and FN do not have to pay taxes if:

A

they live on reserve or live off reserve but work for a company that’s head office is on a reserve

151
Q

the land in Manitoba that was spoken of in treaty 1 as land that is good for crops

A

fertile belt

152
Q

Between which years was there one treaty per year?

A

1871-1877

153
Q

the last of the numbered treaties made between the gov of canada and the plains first nations

A

treaty 7

154
Q

Treaty 7 was signed in what year?

A

1877

155
Q

The 5 first nations that are a part of treaty 7

A
  1. Siksika
  2. Piikani
  3. Tsuut’ina
  4. Kainai
  5. Stoney
156
Q

the catalyst for the signing of treaty 8 was

A

the gold rush

157
Q

When first nations signed the treaty, they received what 6 items from the crown? What did this make?

A
  1. Lard
  2. Sugar
  3. Flour
  4. Salt and pepper
  5. Baking Powder
  6. Tea

Makes tea and bannock

158
Q

The post-federation treaties run along the

A

fertile belt

159
Q

What three additional groups are under Stoney in treaty 7?

A
  1. Wesley
  2. Bearspaw
  3. Chiniki
160
Q

7 promises from the treaty

A
  1. Land
  2. Payment
  3. Teach Salaries
  4. Ammunition
  5. Tools
  6. Cattle
  7. Farm Implements
161
Q

the most important promise form the treaty was ….

A

Land: 6.42 square km per family of 5

162
Q

The payments outlined in the promises in treaties were of what value?

A

Immediate payment of $12 and annual payments of $5

163
Q

What happened to the treaty promises after 1885?

A

After the 2nd Riel resistance, FN were not allowed to have guns or be given guns

164
Q

How many cattle was a family of 5 supposed to have?

A

2

165
Q

Which Albertan nation did not sign the treaty until recently?

A

Lubicon Cree

166
Q

The 2 bands that the Lubicon Cree was sectioned off into

A
  1. Woodland Cree (woodies)

2. Loon River Cree (loonies)

167
Q

Which nation did not get their land for 100 years and 3 months?

A

Threbati Dene

168
Q

What are specific claims?

A

Claims made against the government for not keeping promises

169
Q

When was the Indian Act amalgamated?

A

1876

170
Q

The Indian Act had cradle to grave legislation with 3 primary purposes:

A
  1. Civilize the indian
  2. Administer Indian people, their land, and resources
  3. Define what is and is not an indian
171
Q

What kind of bias was in the indian act?

A

patriarchal

172
Q

Bill C-31 outlined what in regard to the indian act?

A

How to lose indian status

173
Q

4 ways to lose indian status from Bill C-31

A
  1. Join the army
  2. Get a university degree
  3. Join the clergy
  4. FN woman who married a nonFN man
174
Q

Under the indian act, FNs could not vote until what year?

A

1960

175
Q

The Indian Act restricted which activities?

A

hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering

176
Q

What was the pass system?

A

an indian act policy where one could not leave a reserve without a pass from an indian agent

177
Q

Religious activities under the indian act were

A

formally banned but done in secret

178
Q

Who started the stampede parade?

A

Guy Reddick

179
Q

5 of the many restrictions under the indian act

A
  1. Could not enter dance halls
  2. Could not participate in parades
  3. Could not sell their crops
  4. Could not raise own children
180
Q

In what year were FN allowed to possess alcohol

A

1970

181
Q

What was the 60s scoop?

A

a practice of taking, or “scooping up”, Indigenous children from their families and communities for placement in foster homes or adoption

182
Q

The most famous marks man in war was an indgienous man from

A

Alberta

183
Q

Pope Paul III and the “Transcendent God” stated that….

A

Indian savages were humans who could be initiated into Christian religion

184
Q

Who said, ““On reserves the child lives with its parents, he is surrounded by savages… if you want to civilize children we need to start with taking them away from parents”

A

John A. MacDonald

185
Q

The idea of going into an institution as one person and coming out as someone else was coined as ….. by who?

A

Total Institution - Erving Goffman

186
Q

Time frame of Canadian Indian Residential Schools

A

1870s-1996

187
Q

The last residential school to close was named what and when?

A

1996 “Gordon’s First Nation” - Lebret, Saskatchewan

188
Q

What were the chances like of dying in a residential school?

A

More likely to die in a residential school than in the war

189
Q

How many children died in the residential schools?

A

over 3500

190
Q

Residential school life was split into two types of education:

A

Industrial school of half teaching and hald apprenticeship

191
Q

4 types of culture in sociology

A
  1. Material culture (objects)
  2. Normative culture (rules)
  3. Cognitive culture (shared beliefs)
  4. Language
192
Q

The individual impact of cultural genocide on the indigenous communities was

A

a lost sense of belonging

193
Q

What year was the Truth and Reconcilation Commission?

A

2009

194
Q

The three commissioners in the Truth and Reconcilation Commission

A

Justice Murray Sinclair (chair), Marie Wilson and Wilton Littlechild

195
Q

the Truth and Reconcilation Commission was held to

A

address historical wrongs, especially the residential school system

196
Q

the 2 part process of the Truth and Reconcilation Commission

A
  1. Witness and collect stories of survivors

2. 94 calls to action

197
Q

The goal of the Truth and Reconcilation Commission was:

A

Establish new relationships embedded in mutual recognition and respect that will forge a brighter future

198
Q

Truth and Reconcilation Commission was born out of what other organization?

A

The Aboriginal Healing Foundation

199
Q

When was the official apology to FN?

A

2009

200
Q

The first residential school survivor who spoke out about the horrors of residential schools and initiated settlements

A

Phil Fontaine

201
Q

2 types of settlements for first nations’ who experienced residential schools

A
  1. Common experience settlement

2. Independent/Individual assessment settlement

202
Q

What was the value of the common experience settlement?

A

$10,000 + $3000 for every year attended in a residential school

203
Q

TRC calls to action for post-secondary institutions

A
  1. Close education gaps
  2. Give degrees in indigenous languages
  3. Curriculum on indigenous history, rights, treaties, etc.
  4. Include indigenous knowledge and pedagogy
  5. Teacher training
  6. National research program

Fall 2018 (5 decks)

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