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Social stratification Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by social stratification ?

A

The way that socitey is structured in a hierarchy

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2
Q

What is social hierarchy ?

A

People at the top of the pyramid have more power/ respect then the people below them - it is a pyramid shape

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3
Q

What is social inequality ?

A

The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education and health across a population

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4
Q

What is an example of social stratification outside of Britan ?

A

India’s caste system. It divides Hindus into rigid hierarchial groups - teachers and priests at the top and cleaners at the bottom

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5
Q

What is achived status ?

A

Status that you have achived through hard work i.e. sports player

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6
Q

What is ascribed status ?

A

Status that you are born into i.e. royal family

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7
Q

What is equality ?

A

The fair treatment of all people in socitey

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8
Q

What is meant by life chances ?

A

Having positive or negative outcomes over their lifetime in relation to their health, education, employment and housing

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9
Q

What is inequality ?

A

The unequal distribution of valued goods and opportunities

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10
Q

What is the functionalist view of social strat ?

A
  • They think that it is positive and performs a fuction
    -People experiencing poverty motivates others to do well
  • Davis & Moore argue that social strat allows role allocation as people get jobs that match their ability
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10
Q

What are the criticisms of the functionalist view ?

A

They don’t consider that eqaul oppurtunties don’t exists for everyone

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11
Q

What is the feminist view of social strat ?

A

They argue that socitey is dominated by men (patriarchal)
- They argue that women are socially stratified and placed at the bottom of the ranking as men control it

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11
Q

What are the criticisms of the feminist view ?

A

Marxists would say that social class is the way of stratification - not gender

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12
Q

What is the marxist view of social strat ?

A

They belive that there are only 2 classes- Bourgeoise & Proletariat.
They argue that there has always been social inequality and socitey is unfair
There will always be conflict betwen the 2 groups

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13
Q

What are the criticisms of the marxist view ?

A

Feminists argue that marxists focus too much on capitalisim and fail to consider how gender creates a divide

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14
Q

What is social differentiation ?

A

Refers to the differences between social groups based on their appearance, gender wealth, lifestyle and culture.

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15
Q

What impact does age have ?

A

as there are difference norms expected from a teenager in comparison to an adult

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16
Q

What is social social differentiation ?

A

The differences between social groups based on their apperance, gender, wealth, lifestyle & culture

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17
Q

What is authority ?

A

Having power and dominance over a person or group

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18
Q

What is Webers theory of authority ?

A

Traditional authority - This is authority that has been passed down over generation
Charismatic authority- When someone gains high levels of support from the population
Rational-legal authority- When somone is chosen according to the system

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19
Q

What is the new right perspective on a classless socitey ?

A

They belive that socitey is classless
- The working class jobs are manual jobs
- New right belive that working class jobs have dissappeared so class does not exist

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20
Q

What is habitus ?

A

A set of assumptions about the kind of leisure activties different classes engage in. It is a cultural framework or set of norms and vaules

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20
Q

What are Bourdieus belifs /

A
  • The upper class control education
  • Upper class children fit in at school more easily and suceed because they have the same culture
  • Middle class habitus places more vaule on activites so have greater cultural capital
21
Q

What is the old boys’ club and priveladge ?

A

Marxists belive that there is an old boys network in the UK - there are connections that some families have to help them in work or buisness
- Members often went to private schools & oxbrige unis

22
What is a stereotype ?
An exaggarated simplified, often negative view of a praticular group or type of person
22
What is labelling ?
Refers to attaching an expectation onto an indvidual which over time can influence their behaviour
23
What is evidence of gender equality ?
The gender pay gap is 7.9% - ONS
23
What is predjudice ?
An opinion made about others, based on the group they belong to, and without any knowledge of them as indviduals
24
What is the triple shift & who created it ?
Dunscombe + Marsden - Women do paid work , domestic work & emotional work
25
Who created the dual burden ?
Anne Oakley
25
What is the glass ceiling ?
An invisible systematic barrier that prevents certain people from rising to the senior positions within an organisation
25
What is the sex discrimination act 1975 ?
A law introduced to prevent employers from discriminating against gender when recuriting
26
What are examples of gender inequality in socitey ?
- Me too movement - raised awerness about Harvey Weinstein - Murder of Sarah Everard
26
What do liberal feminists belive ?
They agree that there has been positive change but girls need more positive role models in the media and schools to encourage them
27
What do radical feminists belive ?
They argue that men will not surrender and will always dominate and exploit women
27
What did Walby belive ?
She criticised radical feminists for ignoring class and ethnicity - Not all women experience life the same you must take an intersectional approach - Walby argues that women are controlled by double standards
28
What must we consider in social strat ?
Class, Age , Gender + Ethnicity
29
What is the new man theory ?
When make take in domestic roles and are more in tough with their emotions
30
What is the crisis of masculinity ?
Men no longer have traditional jobs such as coal mining - Women are less dependent on men - They are lacking an identity
31
What is a social construct ?
Something that has been created by humans i.e. age
32
What do marxists belive about age as a social construct ?
They argue that ideas about age are constructed to maintain capitalisim - They argue that the elderly in the UK are not important because they do not contribute economically to socitey - Families keep the rich rich - Children use 'pester power' to get their parents to buy them stuff
33
What is ageism ?
Discrimination of peole based on their age
34
What is race ?
The physical characteristics of a person
35
What is ethnicity ?
The cultural group that a person belongs to - nationality
36
What do marxists think about imigrants ?
Employers like immigration because they are able to exploit them for low wages which keeps the bourgeosie in power
37
What do functionalists think about imigrants ?
They think that immigration is healthy for socitey because it provides workers, brings new culture but too much immigration can be dysfunctional
38
What did Toyin Agbetu say ?
Black peole are often stereotyped as being involved in sport, entertainment and crime. These lead to racial discrimination and predjudice
39
What did Jan Van Djik say ?
He argues that the media often uses stereotypes of ethnic minorties involved in crime, causing problems with their culture/religion and taking part in terrorism
40
How can ethnicity affect life chances ?
- Job oppurtunties - Education oppurtunties - Health - Victim of crime
41
What is disability ?
According to the equality act 2010- A disability is a physicalor mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative affect on your ability to do normal day activties
41
What does the medical model say ?
The view that disability is a bad thing- a problem that the disabled person has to cope with . The medical professionals will try to help it through surgery, medication & prosthetic limbs
41
What does the social model say ?
Developed by Mike Oliver. He argues that the disability is not the persons problem and that socitey needs to make adjustments to help them .
42
What do marxists belive about disability ?
Marxists argue that disabled people are discriminated against beause they do not contribute to the needs of capitalisim.
42
How does disability affect someones life chances ?
They experience stereotypes based on predjudice - this can negativley impact their life chances and job opportunties
42
What is the vicious cycle of social exclusion ?
1. Disabled people are discriminated at work 2. They find it difficult to find work 3. Unemplyment means a lack of income 4. They are not able to provide for their families 5. They are socially excluded and marginalised
43
What did Craig say about gender and media ?
He conducted a study of TV homosexual characters who were presented as evil
44
What legislations were put in place to stop gender discrimination ?
Same sex couples act 2014 Civil partnership act 2004

Sociology (5 decks)

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