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Sociology > Crime & deviance > Flashcards

Crime & deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is anomie ?

A

Lack of norms & values

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2
Q

What are agents of informal social control ?

A

Family, peers, education, media

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3
Q

What are agents of formal social control ?

A

Police & governments

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4
Q

How to schools control students ?

A

Rewards & consquences

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5
Q

What is social heirarchy ?

A

Groups having different power

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6
Q

What is social currency ?

A

How much status / power someone has

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7
Q

What is social status ?

A

How liked someone is

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8
Q

What is deviance ?

A

When someone breaks a norm of socitey

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8
Q

What is social structures ?

A

The organisation of peer groups

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9
Q

What is social laws ?

A

The rules

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10
Q

What do functionalists think of social control ?

A

They think that social control is a good thing because people have rules to support us. Most people are happy to follow rules which creates social order.

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11
Q

What do marxists think of social control ?

A

They think that social order is kept in the intrest of the ruling class. Laws are used to control the working class. Laws are used to control the working class. They control the working class to accept explotation . Negative view as it helps to maintain. capitalisim.

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12
Q

What do interactionists think of social control ?

A

They think that socaliation as resulting in meaningful by indviduals. Members all benefit from the stability. They see people as more active , interprating their world.

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12
Q

What is false conciousness ?

A

Not being aware you are being exploited

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13
Q

What do feminists think of social control ?

A

They think that because socitey is patriarchal. Socalisation serves to therefore reinforce norms and vaules that promotes the intrests of men at the expense of women

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14
Q

What is a crime ?

A

When a written law is broken

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15
Q

How is deviance socially constructed ?

A

What is considered deviant depends on the social seeting that it takes place in

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16
Q

How is deviance socially defined ?

A

Sociologists argue that what is considered deviant depends on people reactions rather then the act itself.

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16
Q

What are the 3 main types of crime data ?

A
  • Official stats from the government
  • Victim surveys
  • Self report studies
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16
Q

Why aren’t crimes reported ?

A
  • Victims may fear consquences
  • Will the police do anything ?
  • Crime is too smal/trivial
  • Crime is too personal
  • Crime is too traumatic
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17
Q

What ar ethe advantages of official stats ?

A
  • Provides quantitative data
  • Marxist & functionalist like it
  • A scientific approach
  • The stats show clear trends
18
Q

Why aren’t all crime recorded by police ?

A
  • Too small/unimportant]
  • Not actually a crime
  • Not enough evidance
19
Q

What are the advantages of victim surveys

A
  • May uncover some of the hidden figure of crime
  • Give a more accurate figure of crime then official stats
  • Includes crime not reported to the police
19
Q

What are victim surveys ?

A

When people are interviewed ans asked what crimes have been committed against them in a given time period
Example :CSEW crime survey for England & Wales

20
Q

What is the hidden figure of crimes ?

A

Crimes that are not reported of recorded

21
Q

What are the disadvantags of victim surveys ?

A
  • Tend to not survey all crime i.e. victimless crime
  • People may not admit to being a victim
  • Victims memories may be inaccurate
  • People may not be aware that they are victims
22
Q

What are self report studies ?
+ advantages & disadvantages

A

They ask people to reveal crimes they have comitted and if so how often they have done it
+
- Useful way to find out about victimless crime

  • People may overeaggrate
22
Q

What are the key facts for gender & crime

A
  • Men commit more crime then women
  • 95% of prisioners in UK are men
  • Men are more likley to commit a crime & more likley to be a victim of violent crime
23
Q

What do feminists argue about gender & crime ?

A

Boys & girls are socalised differently so it is inevitable that boys are more likley to commit criminal acts. Women are far less likley to become criminals are even act out od the social norm

23
Q

What did Heidnsohn say about gender and crime ?

A

Women live in a patriarchal socitey and must conform to sociteys expectations. This means that women have to adhere to the social norms for their gender.
-Public & private sphere

24
Q

What did Pat Carlen say ?

A

The gender & deal theory
- Poor working classs womenhave been controlled through the promise of rewards from their husband

24
Q

What race is most likley to be arrested in the uk ?

A

Black minorties

25
Q

What did Gilroy say about ethnicity & crime ?

A
  • In 1970s the perception of black people was that they are more criminal then white people
  • Official statistics cannot be trusted
    -Police use negative stereotypes when dealing with black people which results in higher elvels of suspicion
25
Q

What is the Stephen Lawrence case ?

A
  • Stephen was murder
  • The police assumed that he was a part of the gang so they didn’t deal with his case quickly
  • The police failed to protect the black community due to institutional racisim
    -Macpherson said that the police are institutionally racist
  • It took 19 years for anyone to be prosicuted for Stephen Lawrences murder
26
Q

What is moral panic ?

A

An exaggarated outburst of public concern over the morality * behaviour of a group in socitey

27
Q

What are white collar crimes ?

A

Crimes committed by upper class
- They can be hard to explain so are avioded by the news

27
Q

What is insititutional racisim ?

A

The collective faliure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service

27
Q

What are corporate crimes ?

A

Crimes committed by a large company for the benefit of the company

28
Q

What do marxists think about white collar & corporate crimes ?

A

They say that these crimes tend to be ignored by the media and police and treated less harshly by the courts
- This is part of the way in which the ruling class dominate socitey

29
Q

What is the age crime curve ?

A

Criminal activity increases during teens up until early 20s

30
Q

What are the key facts about crime & age ?

A
  • Young people are more at risk of crime the adults - 16-24 yrs has the highest victime rate
  • Elderly are also at risk 5% of pensioners in care homes and their families , but it rarley reported
31
Q

What is delinquency ?

A

Crime committed by young people i.e. grafitti

32
Q

What is Cohens explination for age & crime ?

A

A connection between young working class people & crime is subcultures. When they are unable to achive consensus goals (doing well in school). A reaction leads to ‘status frustration’- feeling of faliure and inadequacy

33
Q

What is the marxist explanation for age & crime ?

A

CCCS
Mike Brake- Youth is a magical response to the dull world that capitalisim demands of adults as wage slaves.
- Youth are free to engage in deviant & criminal behaviour becuase they don’t have financial pressure

34
Q

What is David Matza’s explanation for age & crime?

A

Young people drift into deviant behaviour because they do not have any responsbilties

35
Q

What is the feminist explanation for age & crime?

A

As a result of socalisation, girls could be lacking in the elements which are generally associated with delinguency

36
Q

What does Durkheim say about crime ?

A

It is Functional, Inevitable & normal

36
Q

What are the 3 functions of crime ?

A
  1. Sociteys reaction to crime show change to the value consensus
  2. Social cohesion
  3. Reffirming boundaries
37
Q

What is Merton’s strain theory - Functionalist

A

People in socitey have different views on the goals and have different ways of achivieng them.

Conformity- working hard. They vaule cultural goods & structural mean
Innovation - Alternative ways through crime -They value cultural goods but mean structural mean
Ritualisim - Going through daily life- They do not vaule materials but do vaule structure
Retreatisim - Reject goals - They do not vaule cultural goods or structure

38
Q

What are the evaluations of strain theory ?

A
  • Not everyone wants to achive the goals placed on youth
  • Not everyone fails to achive commits crime
  • Merton is missing crimes that are not done to achive goals - murder
38
Q

What do marxists belive is the indvidual motivation for crime ?

A
  • In capitalist socitey the cultural stress is on competiton
  • They desire for money can lead those who are blocked off from legitimate chances of gaining wealth to turn to criminal methods
39
Q

What do marxists belive about law creation ?

A
  • They belive that th elaw is a reflection of the will power
  • As economic power guarntees political and social power, the rich maniplate the rest to pass laws thaty benefit them

Sociology (4 decks)

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