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Crime & deviance Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is anomie ?

A

Lack of norms & values

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2
Q

What are agents of informal social control ?

A

Family, peers, education, media

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3
Q

What are agents of formal social control ?

A

Police & governments

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4
Q

How to schools control students ?

A

Rewards & consquences

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5
Q

What is social heirarchy ?

A

Groups having different power

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6
Q

What is social currency ?

A

How much status / power someone has

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7
Q

What is social status ?

A

How liked someone is

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8
Q

What is deviance ?

A

When someone breaks a norm of socitey

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8
Q

What is social structures ?

A

The organisation of peer groups

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9
Q

What is social laws ?

A

The rules

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10
Q

What do functionalists think of social control ?

A

They think that social control is a good thing because people have rules to support us. Most people are happy to follow rules which creates social order.

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11
Q

What do marxists think of social control ?

A

They think that social order is kept in the intrest of the ruling class. Laws are used to control the working class. Laws are used to control the working class. They control the working class to accept explotation . Negative view as it helps to maintain. capitalisim.

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12
Q

What do interactionists think of social control ?

A

They think that socaliation as resulting in meaningful by indviduals. Members all benefit from the stability. They see people as more active , interprating their world.

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12
Q

What is false conciousness ?

A

Not being aware you are being exploited

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13
Q

What do feminists think of social control ?

A

They think that because socitey is patriarchal. Socalisation serves to therefore reinforce norms and vaules that promotes the intrests of men at the expense of women

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14
Q

What is a crime ?

A

When a written law is broken

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15
Q

How is deviance socially constructed ?

A

What is considered deviant depends on the social seeting that it takes place in

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16
Q

How is deviance socially defined ?

A

Sociologists argue that what is considered deviant depends on people reactions rather then the act itself.

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16
Q

What are the 3 main types of crime data ?

A
  • Official stats from the government
  • Victim surveys
  • Self report studies
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16
Q

Why aren’t crimes reported ?

A
  • Victims may fear consquences
  • Will the police do anything ?
  • Crime is too smal/trivial
  • Crime is too personal
  • Crime is too traumatic
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17
Q

What are the advantages of official stats ?

A
  • Provides quantitative data
  • Marxist & functionalist like it
  • A scientific approach
  • The stats show clear trends
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18
Q

Why aren’t all crime recorded by police ?

A
  • Too small/unimportant]
  • Not actually a crime
  • Not enough evidance
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19
Q

What are the advantages of victim surveys

Study These Flashcards
A
  • May uncover some of the hidden figure of crime
  • Give a more accurate figure of crime then official stats
  • Includes crime not reported to the police
19
Q

What are victim surveys ?

Study These Flashcards
A

When people are interviewed ans asked what crimes have been committed against them in a given time period
Example :CSEW crime survey for England & Wales

20
What is the hidden figure of crimes ?
Crimes that are not reported of recorded
21
What are the disadvantags of victim surveys ?
- Tend to not survey all crime i.e. victimless crime - People may not admit to being a victim - Victims memories may be inaccurate - People may not be aware that they are victims
22
What are self report studies ? + advantages & disadvantages
They ask people to reveal crimes they have comitted and if so how often they have done it + - Useful way to find out about victimless crime - - People may overeaggrate
22
What are the key facts for gender & crime
- Men commit more crime then women - 95% of prisioners in UK are men - Men are more likley to commit a crime & more likley to be a victim of violent crime
23
What do feminists argue about gender & crime ?
Boys & girls are socalised differently so it is inevitable that boys are more likley to commit criminal acts. Women are far less likley to become criminals are even act out od the social norm
23
What did Heidnsohn say about gender and crime ?
Women live in a patriarchal socitey and must conform to sociteys expectations. This means that women have to adhere to the social norms for their gender. -Public & private sphere
24
What did Pat Carlen say ?
The gender & deal theory - Poor working class women have been controlled through the promise of rewards from their husband
24
What race is most likley to be arrested in the uk ?
Black minorties
25
What did Gilroy say about ethnicity & crime ?
- In 1970s the perception of black people was that they are more criminal then white people - Official statistics cannot be trusted -Police use negative stereotypes when dealing with black people which results in higher levels of suspicion
25
What is the Stephen Lawrence case ?
- Stephen was murder - The police assumed that he was a part of the gang so they didn't deal with his case quickly - The police failed to protect the black community due to institutional racisim -Macpherson said that the police are institutionally racist - It took 19 years for anyone to be prosicuted for Stephen Lawrences murder
26
What is moral panic ?
An exaggarated outburst of public concern over the morality * behaviour of a group in socitey
27
What are white collar crimes ?
Crimes committed by upper class - They can be hard to explain so are avioded by the news
27
What is insititutional racisim ?
The collective faliure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service
27
What are corporate crimes ?
Crimes committed by a large company for the benefit of the company
28
What do marxists think about white collar & corporate crimes ?
They say that these crimes tend to be ignored by the media and police and treated less harshly by the courts - This is part of the way in which the ruling class dominate socitey
29
What is the age crime curve ?
Criminal activity increases during teens up until early 20s
30
What are the key facts about crime & age ?
- Young people are more at risk of crime the adults - 16-24 yrs has the highest victime rate - Elderly are also at risk 5% of pensioners in care homes and their families , but it rarley reported
31
What is delinquency ?
Crime committed by young people i.e. grafitti
32
What is Cohens explination for age & crime ?
A connection between young working class people & crime is subcultures. When they are unable to achive consensus goals (doing well in school). A reaction leads to 'status frustration'- feeling of faliure and inadequacy
33
What is the marxist explanation for age & crime ?
CCCS Mike Brake- Youth is a magical response to the dull world that capitalisim demands of adults as wage slaves. - Youth are free to engage in deviant & criminal behaviour becuase they don't have financial pressure
34
What is David Matza's explanation for age & crime?
Young people drift into deviant behaviour because they do not have any responsbilties
35
What is the feminist explanation for age & crime?
As a result of socalisation, girls could be lacking in the elements which are generally associated with delinguency
36
What does Durkheim say about crime ?
It is Functional, Inevitable & normal
36
What are the 3 functions of crime ?
1. Sociteys reaction to crime show change to the value consensus 2. Social cohesion 3. Reffirming boundaries
37
What is Merton's strain theory - Functionalist
People in socitey have different views on the goals and have different ways of achivieng them. Conformity- working hard. They vaule cultural goods & structural mean Innovation - Alternative ways through crime -They value cultural goods but mean structural mean Ritualisim - Going through daily life- They do not vaule materials but do vaule structure Retreatisim - Reject goals - They do not vaule cultural goods or structure
38
What are the evaluations of strain theory ?
- Not everyone wants to achive the goals placed on youth - Not everyone fails to achive commits crime - Merton is missing crimes that are not done to achive goals - murder
38
What do marxists belive is the indvidual motivation for crime ?
- In capitalist socitey the cultural stress is on competiton - They desire for money can lead those who are blocked off from legitimate chances of gaining wealth to turn to criminal methods
39
What do marxists belive about law creation ?
- They belive that the law is a reflection of the will power - As economic power guarntees political and social power, the rich maniplate the rest to pass laws thaty benefit them
40
What do interactionists say about a typical offender ?
They say that there is no such thing as a typical offender. Anyone could be a criminal. The difference between an ordinary person and a criminal is that the criminal has been labelled a criminal
40
What is Chambliss' theory about saints & roughnecks ?
Research in the Seattle suburbs. The saints were 8 upper-middle class white boys who engaged in drink driving & vandlisim However they maintained a good image - if caught they could use the influenced of their parents Roughnecks were 6 lower class bots who were not treated the same by the CJS
41
What do interactionists say about a typical offender ?
They belive that there is no such thing as a typical offender. Anyone can be a criminal the difference between an ordinary person and a criminal is that the criminalhas been labelled.
42
What did Becker say ?
Being labelled a criminal creates a deviant career
42
What is master status ?
A powerful label - the main thing that people think when they see you

Sociology (5 decks)

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