Social Self (split up) Flashcards
The strategy whereby people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves
Self-handicapping
Self-knowledge stored in memory
Self-schemas
Monitoring one’s behavior to fit the demands of the current situation
Self-monitoring
People hold beliefs about what they’re actually like, what they’d ideally like to be, and what they ought to be
Actual self: self you believe you are
Ideal self: your hopes and wishes
Ought self: duties and obligations
Ideal self standards → promotion focus
Focus on attaining positive outcomes
Ought self standards → prevention focus
Avoiding negative outcomes
Self-discrepancy theory
People alter their behavior in pursuit of a goal
Self-regulation
Leon Festinger in the 1950s
(a music student might compare herself to the star student of the class. If she finds that her abilities do not measure up to her peer’s talents, she might be driven to achieve more and improve her abilities)
Social comparison theory
Promotion: goals through advancement & accomplishment
Prevention: goals through fulfilling duties & obligations
Promotion vs. prevention focus
The tendency for unskilled individuals to overestimate their own ability and the tendency for experts to underestimate their own ability
Dunning-Kruger Effect
The tendency to rank oneself higher than most people on positive attributes
Better-than-average effec
Controlling, regulating, and monitoring info about the self
Self-presentation
The strategic control of info communicated to audiences
Audience can be real, imagined, or the self
Impression management
Sense that one is confident and effective
High self-efficacy = more persistence, less anxiety, less depression
Self-efficacy
We try to restore our self-worth when our sense of self is threatened
Allows us to cope with failure
Self-affirmation theory
Self-esteem protects us against isolation
Measure of social inclusion or exclusion
Evolutionary
Sociometer theory
Fluctuations in self-esteem depend on how important the domain is
Contingencies of self-worth
