Social Science S4 Facts Flashcards
What influenced how humans learned about climate change and how humans respond to that knowledge
Global conditions of the second half of the 20th century
Considered an international treaty from the United Nations
the Charter of the UN
Chief aim of the United Nations
Preventing the use of force in international relations
Defining characteristic of ESS
it brings the subjects of different field into a single view of Earth and Earth’s relationship to other celestial bodies
Former name of the International Council for Science
International Council for Scientific Unions
What did the time period in the International GeoPhysical Year (IGY) correspond with
A high point in the 11-year cycle of sunspot activity
Where did Charles David Keeling conduct his research at
from Hawaii at a base on Mauna Loa
Bert Bolin traveled where to alert the National Academy of Sciences of the increasing CO2 levels
Washington D.C.
WHat conclusions did Charles Keeling draw from his data of CO2 measurements
that CO2 levels were indeed rising
Where was the International Workshop on Climate Issues hosted
Austria
What did the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) study
climate change within an ESS framework
The topic conference in Villach, Austria that was organized by ICSU, WMO, and UNEP in 1985
“Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”
The report that the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) issued
“The greenhouse effect, climatic change and ecosystem”
Name of the conference WMO contributed to in Toronto
“The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security”
What did James E. Hansen testify about in 1988
That human - induced greenhouse effect, not natural fluctuations, was the cause of climate change
Book that was published in 2010 by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway
“Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”
What does the book “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming” explain
Why so many American don’t believe in climate change ; The authors retrace an episode in the early 1990s where a small group of strategically places individuals were able to halt action combating climate change
What was the political agenda of George C. Marshall Institute
To defend certain Cold War policies of then US President Ronald Reagan against critiques from the scientific community
What signaled the end of the Cold War
When the Berlin Wall came down in 1989
William Nierenberg and his other colleagues at the Marshall Institute used their ties to the president and Bush administration to
present an unpublished paper about climate change that didn’t have the support of the broader scientific community
What did the unpublished paper from William Nierenberg and his colleagues argue
that variability in solar energy, not greenhouse gases, was causing warming
What does it mean by the opposition to the Kyoto Protocol was bipartisan
Both Republicans and Democrats opposed it
2 ideas that influenced U.S. public policy regarding climate change
- Other countries need to commit action before the U.S will commit 2. Taking action to slow climate change will hurt the U.S. economy
Al Gore lost the election to Bush after
A prolonged legal battle regarding vote counts in the Florida that was settled in the U.S Supreme Court
The new Bush administration pursued a policy of
expanding global oil production in cooperation with the oil industry
The Exxon Mobil began doing what after governmental regulations of fossil fuels appeared
Funding organizations that opposed business regulations and promoted skepticism of climate science
The year 2022 was the most profitable for
Biggest Western oil companies
A 2023 poll frames the question according to the
binary choice between promoting economic growth or addressing climate change
Weather - related events found by a 2023 poll that Democrats say affects where they live
extremely hot days; droughts and water shortages; severe storms, including hurricanes; flooding; smoke from wildfires; and wildfires
What did Donald Trump say about the 2015 Paris Agreement
That it places the U.S. at a “very big economic disadvantage” and withdrew the US from the agreement
What did the Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro oversee
A rapid increase in the deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest
Reputable journalists aim for
unbiased coverage
A recent study of news broadcasts in the United Kingdom found
In 2022 that nearly a third of British broadcasters cast doubt on climate science
The caple news channel, Fox News, reports from what perspective
a conservative or Republican - leaning perspective
Where was the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
What did the Kyoto Protocol include provisions for
Countries that didn’t meet the targeted emission reductions within their own borders to help reduce emissions internationally
Procedure included in the Kyoto Protocol for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions
Registry systems to track and record emissions, reporting of annual emission inventories, and a compliance system to help parties meet their commitments
The Paris Agreement set the goal of
limiting the increase in global average temperatures to below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels
In order to accomplish the outcome of limiting the increase to 1.5 degrees C, what emissions goals are included
A peak in greenhouse gas emissions before 2025 and a 43% decline by 2030
A United Nations report from late 2022 indicated that
the current pace of emission reductions isn’t even close to putting the world on track to meet the 1.5 degrees C target by the end of the century
The Green New Deal references
the major public works investment in the 1930s known as the New Deal
Credited with revitalizing the US economy during the Great Depression
New Deal
A key idea of the Green New Deal
Financial investment in mitigating climate change could boost new and existing industries and the economy as a whole
Provided the largest source of government funding for climate-related issues in US history
IRA
The IRA provided around $369 billion in climate funding directed to
energy, transportation, and agriculture
Produced 12% of global energy
Wind and solar
When hiccups occur, climate skeptics sometimes argue
that climate solutions are worse than climate problems in order to stall effort at change and protect status quo
What opportunity did the IRA provide for Louisiana
to build carbon capture infrasturcture
The categories of investment which the Justice40 Initiative applies to
climate change, clean energy and energy efficiency, clean transit, affordable and sustainable housing, training and workforce development, remediation and reduction of legacy pollution, and the development of critical clean water and wastewater infrastructure
Supporters of the Dakota Access Pipeline contended it would
Create new jobs and contribute to the US economy
Protestor to the Dakota Access Pipeline did what
Camped near the construction site and waged legal battle to stop the proposed construction
The route of the Dakota Access Pipeline
Passed under the Missouri River at a location that is vital for protecting the drinking water of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation
What would be damaged by the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline
cultural and religious sites and people’s physical and spiritual health
