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Soc Sci Section 4 24-25 > Social Science S4 Facts > Flashcards

Social Science S4 Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What influenced how humans learned about climate change and how humans respond to that knowledge

A

Global conditions of the second half of the 20th century

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2
Q

Considered an international treaty from the United Nations

A

the Charter of the UN

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3
Q

Chief aim of the United Nations

A

Preventing the use of force in international relations

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4
Q

Defining characteristic of ESS

A

it brings the subjects of different field into a single view of Earth and Earth’s relationship to other celestial bodies

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5
Q

Former name of the International Council for Science

A

International Council for Scientific Unions

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6
Q

What did the time period in the International GeoPhysical Year (IGY) correspond with

A

A high point in the 11-year cycle of sunspot activity

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7
Q

Where did Charles David Keeling conduct his research at

A

from Hawaii at a base on Mauna Loa

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8
Q

Bert Bolin traveled where to alert the National Academy of Sciences of the increasing CO2 levels

A

Washington D.C.

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9
Q

WHat conclusions did Charles Keeling draw from his data of CO2 measurements

A

that CO2 levels were indeed rising

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10
Q

Where was the International Workshop on Climate Issues hosted

A

Austria

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11
Q

What did the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) study

A

climate change within an ESS framework

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12
Q

The topic conference in Villach, Austria that was organized by ICSU, WMO, and UNEP in 1985

A

“Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”

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13
Q

The report that the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) issued

A

“The greenhouse effect, climatic change and ecosystem”

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14
Q

Name of the conference WMO contributed to in Toronto

A

“The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security”

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15
Q

What did James E. Hansen testify about in 1988

A

That human - induced greenhouse effect, not natural fluctuations, was the cause of climate change

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16
Q

Book that was published in 2010 by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

A

“Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”

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17
Q

What does the book “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming” explain

A

Why so many American don’t believe in climate change ; The authors retrace an episode in the early 1990s where a small group of strategically places individuals were able to halt action combating climate change

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18
Q

What was the political agenda of George C. Marshall Institute

A

To defend certain Cold War policies of then US President Ronald Reagan against critiques from the scientific community

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19
Q

What signaled the end of the Cold War

A

When the Berlin Wall came down in 1989

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20
Q

William Nierenberg and his other colleagues at the Marshall Institute used their ties to the president and Bush administration to

A

present an unpublished paper about climate change that didn’t have the support of the broader scientific community

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21
Q

What did the unpublished paper from William Nierenberg and his colleagues argue

A

that variability in solar energy, not greenhouse gases, was causing warming

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22
Q

What does it mean by the opposition to the Kyoto Protocol was bipartisan

A

Both Republicans and Democrats opposed it

23
Q

2 ideas that influenced U.S. public policy regarding climate change

A
  1. Other countries need to commit action before the U.S will commit 2. Taking action to slow climate change will hurt the U.S. economy
24
Q

Al Gore lost the election to Bush after

A

A prolonged legal battle regarding vote counts in the Florida that was settled in the U.S Supreme Court

25
Q

The new Bush administration pursued a policy of

A

expanding global oil production in cooperation with the oil industry

26
Q

The Exxon Mobil began doing what after governmental regulations of fossil fuels appeared

A

Funding organizations that opposed business regulations and promoted skepticism of climate science

27
Q

The year 2022 was the most profitable for

A

Biggest Western oil companies

28
Q

A 2023 poll frames the question according to the

A

binary choice between promoting economic growth or addressing climate change

29
Q

Weather - related events found by a 2023 poll that Democrats say affects where they live

A

extremely hot days; droughts and water shortages; severe storms, including hurricanes; flooding; smoke from wildfires; and wildfires

30
Q

What did Donald Trump say about the 2015 Paris Agreement

A

That it places the U.S. at a “very big economic disadvantage” and withdrew the US from the agreement

31
Q

What did the Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro oversee

A

A rapid increase in the deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest

32
Q

Reputable journalists aim for

A

unbiased coverage

33
Q

A recent study of news broadcasts in the United Kingdom found

A

In 2022 that nearly a third of British broadcasters cast doubt on climate science

34
Q

The caple news channel, Fox News, reports from what perspective

A

a conservative or Republican - leaning perspective

35
Q

Where was the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992

A

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

36
Q

What did the Kyoto Protocol include provisions for

A

Countries that didn’t meet the targeted emission reductions within their own borders to help reduce emissions internationally

37
Q

Procedure included in the Kyoto Protocol for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions

A

Registry systems to track and record emissions, reporting of annual emission inventories, and a compliance system to help parties meet their commitments

38
Q

The Paris Agreement set the goal of

A

limiting the increase in global average temperatures to below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels

39
Q

In order to accomplish the outcome of limiting the increase to 1.5 degrees C, what emissions goals are included

A

A peak in greenhouse gas emissions before 2025 and a 43% decline by 2030

40
Q

A United Nations report from late 2022 indicated that

A

the current pace of emission reductions isn’t even close to putting the world on track to meet the 1.5 degrees C target by the end of the century

41
Q

The Green New Deal references

A

the major public works investment in the 1930s known as the New Deal

42
Q

Credited with revitalizing the US economy during the Great Depression

A

New Deal

43
Q

A key idea of the Green New Deal

A

Financial investment in mitigating climate change could boost new and existing industries and the economy as a whole

44
Q

Provided the largest source of government funding for climate-related issues in US history

A

IRA

45
Q

The IRA provided around $369 billion in climate funding directed to

A

energy, transportation, and agriculture

46
Q

Produced 12% of global energy

A

Wind and solar

47
Q

When hiccups occur, climate skeptics sometimes argue

A

that climate solutions are worse than climate problems in order to stall effort at change and protect status quo

48
Q

What opportunity did the IRA provide for Louisiana

A

to build carbon capture infrasturcture

49
Q

The categories of investment which the Justice40 Initiative applies to

A

climate change, clean energy and energy efficiency, clean transit, affordable and sustainable housing, training and workforce development, remediation and reduction of legacy pollution, and the development of critical clean water and wastewater infrastructure

50
Q

Supporters of the Dakota Access Pipeline contended it would

A

Create new jobs and contribute to the US economy

51
Q

Protestor to the Dakota Access Pipeline did what

A

Camped near the construction site and waged legal battle to stop the proposed construction

52
Q

The route of the Dakota Access Pipeline

A

Passed under the Missouri River at a location that is vital for protecting the drinking water of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation

53
Q

What would be damaged by the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline

A

cultural and religious sites and people’s physical and spiritual health

Soc Sci Section 4 24-25 (7 decks)

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