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Soc Sci Section 4 24-25 > Soc Sci S4 Everything > Flashcards

Soc Sci S4 Everything Flashcards

1
Q

Global political conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, and their allied nations, from around 1946 - 1991

A

Cold War ; pg. 55

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2
Q

Competition of space exploration and technology between the U.S. and Soviet Union

A

Space Race ; pg. 56

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3
Q

Agency of the U.S. government founded in 1958 that is a global leader in space exploration and the study of the Earth System

A

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; pg. 56

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4
Q

Program established in 1979 for the study of the earth System and climate change

A

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; pg. 57

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5
Q

Established in 1987 to study global change in the context of Earth System Science (ESS)

A

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) ; pg. 57

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6
Q

Initiated a systemic measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide

A

Charles Keeling ; pg. 58

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7
Q

Swedish meteorologist who in 1959 went to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences

A

Bert Bolin ; pg. 58

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8
Q

A graph that shows the increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere since Charles David Keeling’s initial records

A

Keeling Curve ; pg. 58

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9
Q

People’s contribution to global carbon emissions

A

Carbon footprint ; pg. 62

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10
Q

An international agreement that aimed to combat climate change

A

Paris Agreement ; pg. 64

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11
Q

Also known as UN Climate Change ; established in 1992 as a foundation for intergovernmental action on climate change that led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ; pg. 66

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12
Q

A binding agreement among 37 nations that were adopted in 1997 and put into effect starting in 2005

A

Kyoto Protocol ; pg. 66

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13
Q

A goal set for limiting the amount of global warming above the pre-industrial average to __ by the end of the century

A

1.5 degrees C ; pg. 66

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14
Q

A policy proposal by Alexandria Ocasio - Cortez, Senator Ed Markey, and others that involve government investment in building infrastructure and incentivizing industries to help address the climate crisis

A

Green New Deal ; pg. 67

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15
Q

A law passed in 2022 that provides government funding for addressing the challenges posed by climate change

A

Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) ; pg. 67

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16
Q

AKA Carbon capture; involves capturing CO2 in the atmosphere and storing it

A

Carbon Sequestration ; pg. 67

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17
Q

Set the goal that 40% of overall benefits from Federal investment in certain categories flow to underserved communities

A

Justice40 Initiatives ; pg. 70

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18
Q

A nation whose members led a protest that delayed the construction of an oil pipeline in North America

A

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe ; pg. 70

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19
Q

A Brazilian environmental activist and member of the Munduruku people of the Tapajos River Middle Course who defended portions of the Brazilian rainforest in different ways

A

Alessandra Korap Munduruku ; pg. 71

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20
Q

Youth climate activism movement that was inspired by Greta Thunberg’s school strikes for climate in 2018 and spread organically across the world

A

Fridays for Future; pg. 72

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21
Q

A Swedish climate activist who at the age of 15 sparked a global youth climate movement known as Fridays for Future

A

Greta Thunberg ; pg. 72

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22
Q

The first artificial Earth satellite that was launched by the Soviet Union

A

Sputnik

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23
Q

Involves producing sources that act similarly to clouds and that could reflect solar energy away from the surface of the Earth or ocean surfaces

A

Solar Radiation

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24
Q

Involved manipulating the Earth’s environment in ways that counteract the current trends of climate change

A

Geoengineering

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25
Q

Practices of extracting resources or producing clean energy in less-powerful countries and utilizing the benefits in wealthier nations

A

Climate Colonialism

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26
Q

A portion of the Keystone Pipeline System that transports oil from Alberta, Canada, to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico in the US state of Texas

A

Dakota Access Pipeline

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27
Q

When did many scientists begin to measure CO2 levels in atmosphere and realize that the rise could lead to global warming

A

late 1950s

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28
Q

Through what decades did scientists expand their knowledge that human behavior is changing the Earth’s climate

A

1960s, 1970s, and 1980s

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29
Q

Global conditions of what century influenced how humans learned about climate change and how humans responded to that knowledge

A

Second half of the 20th century

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30
Q

World War 2 time period

A

1939 - 45

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31
Q

When was the United Nations (UN) established

A

1946

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32
Q

Cold War time period

A

1946 - 91

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33
Q

When did the Soviet Union launch Sputnik

A

1957

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34
Q

When did the first human land on the moon

A

1969

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35
Q

When was NASA founded

A

1958

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36
Q

When was the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) established

A

1979

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37
Q

When was the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) established

A

1987

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38
Q

A foundational decade for human understanding of Earth’s climate and anthropogenic climate change

A

1950s

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39
Q

When was the International Council for Science founded

A

1931

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40
Q

Lloyd Berkner birth years

A

1905 - 67

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41
Q

When did Lloyd Berkner suggest that International Council for Science (ICSU) embark on a study of global geophysical activities over a set period

A

1952

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42
Q

The year time period for the International GeoPhysical Year

A

July 1957 - December 1958

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43
Q

How many year cycle of sunspot activity did the GeoPhysical Year correspond with

A

11

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44
Q

Charles David Keeling’s birth years

A

1928-2005

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45
Q

Bert Bolin birth years

A

1925 - 2007

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46
Q

When did Bert Bolin go to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences

A

1959

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47
Q

When did Charles Keeling release data of his CO2 measurements that shows CO2 levels rising

A

1961

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48
Q

When did Bert Bolin become the first chair of the ICSU’s new committee on atmospheric sciences

A

1964

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49
Q

When was the World Meteorological Association (WMO) created

A

1950

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50
Q

When was the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)

A

1967

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51
Q

When did scientists at an International Workshop on Climate Issues recognize the need for an organization that could do more than GARP

A

1978

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52
Q

When did the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) succeed GARP as the new center for the study of climate change

A

1979

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53
Q

When did the ICSU, WMO, and UNEP organize a conference in Austria around the topic “Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”

A

1985

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54
Q

When was the conference hosted in Toronto, Canada entitled “The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security”

A

1988

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55
Q

When did NASA scientist James E. Hansen testify before the US Senate that human-induced greenhouse effect was the cause of climate change

A

1988

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56
Q

When was the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) created

A

1988

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57
Q

The years in which Bert Bolin serves on the IPCC as the panel’s first chair

A

1988 - 1998

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58
Q

When did Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway publish “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”

A

2010

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59
Q

When did William Nierenberg retire as the Director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography

A

1984

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60
Q

When did the Berlin Wall go down

A

1989

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61
Q

When did President George H. W. Bush considering taking action to mitigate climate change

A

1989

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62
Q

When was the Kyoto Protocol adopted

A

1997

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63
Q

When did the US Senate agree to a resolution stating that the US will not be part of protocol

A

July 25, 1997

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64
Q

What were the vote of the US senate to the new resolution

A

95-0

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65
Q

When did Bill Clinton direct the US to sign the Kyoto Protocol

A

1998

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66
Q

When did Al Gore run against George W. Bush for president

A

year 2000

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67
Q

A New York Times article from what date stated that Al Gore’s support for the Kyoto Protocol and Bush’s opposition to it is the leading issue that distinguishes the candidates

A

November 3, 2000

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68
Q

In what decades did Exxon Mobil participate in a study of climate change but then had to begin funding organizations that oppose business regulations and promote skepticism of climate change

A

1970s and 1980s

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69
Q

What year was the most profitable year for the biggest Western oil companies

A

2022

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70
Q

How many oil companies earned a combine $219 billion, from which they paid out $110 billion

A

6

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71
Q

How much money did 6 oil companies combine make

A

$219 billion

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72
Q

How much money did the 6 oil companies pay out from the $219 billion that was earned

A

$110 billion

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73
Q

When did the United States Chamber of Commerce acknowledge that humans contribute to climate change

A

2019

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74
Q

An independent found that in what year did out of the 39 policies that the Chamber of Commerce took a stance on, it advocated against climate action 25 times

A

2022

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75
Q

How many times did the Chamber of Commerce advocate against climate action in 2022

A

25 times

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76
Q

What was the age range for the younger Republicans

A

18-29

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77
Q

A 2023 poll shows how many Democrats supports addressing climate change and how many Republicans prioritizing economic growth

A

80% of Democrats ; 72% of Republicans

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78
Q

Another 2023 poll found how many Democrats and Republicans agree human activity is causing changes to the world’s climate

A

93% of Democrats and 55% of Republicans

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79
Q

When did President Donald Trump states that the 2015 Paris Agreement placed the U.S at a “very big economic disadvantage”

A

2017

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80
Q

When was President Donald Trump in office

A

2017-2021

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81
Q

A study of news broadcast in the united Kingdom found that in 2022 nearly how much of British broadcasters cast doubt on climate change

A

a third

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82
Q

When was there smoke from massive Canadian forest fire go into the US

A

summer of 2023

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83
Q

When was there a United Nations Conference on Environmental and Development hosted in Rio de Janeiro and when the UNFCCC was founded

A

1992

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84
Q

When was the Kyoto Protocol in effect

A

2005

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85
Q

The participating nations in the Kyoto Protocol has individual targets for emission reductions that together as a whole came out to ______ emission reduction over the years ___________

A

5%; 2008 - 2012

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86
Q

When was the Paris Agreement adopted

A

2015

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87
Q

How many parties adopted the Paris Agreement

A

196

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88
Q

Global leaders wanted to increase global average temperatures to ___ by the end of the century

A

1.5 degrees C

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89
Q

In order to accomplish the 1.5 degrees C, a peak in greenhouse gas emission before 2025 and a ___ decline by 2030 is needed

A

43%

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90
Q

When was the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) signed into law

A

August 16, 2022

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91
Q

The IRA provides around how much in climate funding

A

$369 billion

92
Q

Wind and solar generated a record amount of clean energy by producing ____ of global energy

A

12%

93
Q

Protests were led by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in North Dakota halted construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline when

A

2016 & 2017

94
Q

The Ted Talk video in which Katharine Hayhoe is in has over how many views

A

over 4 million times

95
Q

When did Donald Trump order the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline to continue

A

early 2017

96
Q

When was the Brazilian government notified of the Anglo American withdrawal of the mines

A

May 2021

97
Q

Alessandra Korap Munduruku helped protect how many acres of rainforest by protesting

A

more than 400,000 acres

98
Q

How many participants were part of the Fridays for Future movement that began in 2018

A

14 million

99
Q

How many cities were part of the Fridays for Future movement that began in 2018

A

7500

100
Q

When did Greta Thunberg give her speech in Vienna

A

2019

101
Q

How old was Greta Thunberg when she did her Fridays for Future movement

A

15

102
Q

How many application to mine inside Indigenous territories did Anglo American withdraw

A

27

103
Q

Agency of the U.S. government founded in 1958 that is a global leader in space exploration and the study of the Earth System

A

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

104
Q

Program established in 1979 for the study of the earth System and climate change

A

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

105
Q

Established in 1987 to study global change in the context of Earth System Science (ESS)

A

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)

106
Q

Initiated a systemic measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide

A

Charles Keeling

107
Q

Swedish meteorologist who in 1959 went to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences

A

Bert Bolin

108
Q

Scientist in the 18th century who recognized that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could raise temperatures on Earth

A

Eunice Newton Foote

109
Q

In the immediate aftermath of WW2, the international community established

A

United Nations (UN)

110
Q

The charter of what organization is considered an international treaty

A

United Nations (UN)

111
Q

Which organization’s aim is preventing the use of force in international relations

A

United Nations (UN)

112
Q

What were the two opponents in the Cold War

A

US and Soviet Union (USSR)

113
Q

What nation launched the first artificial Earth satellite

A

Soviet Union

114
Q

Founded in 1931 and embarked on a study of global geophysical activities over a set period

A

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)

115
Q

What group did Bert Bolin travel to alert about the increasing CO2 levels

A

National Academy of Sciences

116
Q

What two groups founded the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)

A

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and World Meteorological Association (WMO)

117
Q

An agency of the United Nations created in 1950

A

World Meteorological Association (WMO)

118
Q

What group was founded by International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and World Meteorological Association (WMO)

A

Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)

119
Q

Which groups hosted an International Workshop on Climate Change Issues in Austria

A

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), World Meteorological Association (WMO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

120
Q

The group in 1979 that succeeded GARP as the new center for the study of climate change

A

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

121
Q

Organized a major conference in Villach, Austria around the topic “Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”

A

ICSU, WMO, anf UNEP

122
Q

AN ICSU committee that issued a report titled “The greenhouse effect, climatic change and ecosystem”

A

the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)

123
Q

What did the scientists form to give knowledge out to the public regarding scientific knowledge

A

Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases (AGGG)

124
Q

Who testified in 1988 before the US Senate that human-induced greenhouse effect was the cause of climate change

A

NASA scientist James E. Hansen

125
Q

What was created in 1988 is the most authoritative source of information about the science of climate change

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

126
Q

Who served as the IPCC’s first chair from 1988 - 1998

A

Bert Bolin

127
Q

Which two scientists were instrumental in the establishment of the IPCC

A

Paul J. Crutzen and Bert Bolin

128
Q

Suggested that ICSU embark on a systematic and comprehensive study of global geophysical activities over a set period

A

Lloyd Berkner

129
Q

Became the first chair of the ICSU’s new committee on atmospheric sciences

A

Bert Bolin

130
Q

Published the book “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”

A

Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

131
Q

Who in 1984 retired as the Director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography

A

William Nierenberg

132
Q

William Nierenberg joined the Board of Directors of what institute after he retired from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography

A

George C. Marshall Institute

133
Q

The Cold War policies of what president did the George C. Marshall Institute try to defend

A

President Ronald Reagan

134
Q

President Reagan’s former Vice President and successor who in 1989 considered taking action to mitigate climate change

A

President George H. W. Bush

135
Q

Which 2 Republican presidents’ presidential administrations did the George C. Marshall Institute have close relations with

A

Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush

136
Q

Which president directed the US to sign the Kyoto Protocol

A

Bill Clinton

137
Q

Who would not ratify the Kyoto Protocol

A

The US Senate

138
Q

Who were the presidential candidates for the year 2000

A

Al Gore (President Clinton’s vice pres.) and George W. Bush ( former President George H. W. Bush’s son)

139
Q

Whose administration pursued a policy of expanding global oil production

A

The new Bush administration

140
Q

The company that participated in the study of climate change but when government regulations of fossil fuels appeared, the company started to fund organizations that oppose business regulations and promote skepticism of climate science

A

Exxon Mobil

141
Q

An effective approach by who produced the concept of the “carbon footprint”

A

British Petroleum and a hired marketing company

142
Q

What group in 2019 finally acknowledged that humans contribute to climate change

A

The United States Chamber of Commerce

143
Q

What party branded itself as pro-business and anti-government regulation of business, and is more likely to question scientific findings about climate change and maintain the idea that climate action is bad for the economy

A

Republican

144
Q

Which party is more generally supportive of government regulation

A

Democrats

145
Q

What center had a poll that found younger Republicans to have different views than their older GOP counterparts on the use of fossil fuels

A

A Pew Research Center

146
Q

Which group is more likely to think that where they has been affected by some weather-related events

A

Democrats

147
Q

Who in 2017 stated that the 2015 Paris Agreement placed the US at a “very big economic disadvantage” and withdrew the US from the agreement

A

US President Donald Trump

148
Q

Who was in office from 2017 - 2021

A

Donald Trump

149
Q

Presidents who formed a kind of nationalistic coalition against cooperative climate action

A

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro

150
Q

President who oversaw a rapid increase in the deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest

A

Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro

151
Q

Fox news host, who during the summer of 2023 when massive Canadian forest fires went into the US, that gave airtime to known supporters of the oil industry that denied scientific consensus on the dangers of smoke

A

Laura Ingraham

152
Q

Also known as UN Climate Change ; established in 1992 as a foundation for intergovernmental action on climate change that led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

153
Q

An organizational center of government action to address climate change

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

154
Q

Proposed the Green New Deal

A

Alexandria Ocasio - Cortez & Senator Ed Markey

155
Q

Signed the IRA into law

A

President Joe Biden

156
Q

Did not adopt the Green New Deal

A

President Joe Biden

157
Q

Founded UNFCCC

A

United Nations

158
Q

A catalyst for the Kyoto Protocol

A

UNFCCC

159
Q

A Congressional Representative from New York part of the Green New Deal

A

Alexandria Ocasio - Cortez

160
Q

Senator of Massachusetts part of the Green New Deal

A

Ed Market

161
Q

Argued that climate justice should entail an awareness of the historical legacies that have created today’s global wealth and power disparities

A

Philosopher Olufemi O. Taiwo

162
Q

Termed “climate colonialism” and warned about the Green New Deal

A

Philosopher Olufemi O. Taiwo

163
Q

Climate scientist that contributed to IPCC reports and worked on communicating the science of climate change through Evangelical Christians

A

Katharine Hayhoe

164
Q

Was on a TED Talk that has over 4 million times and overed a simple way to fight climate change

A

Katharine Hayhoe

165
Q

A nation whose members led a protest that delayed the construction of an oil pipeline in North America

A

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe

166
Q

A Brazilian environmental activist and member of the Munduruku people of the Tapajos River Middle Course who defended portions of the Brazilian rainforest in different ways

A

Alessandra Korap Munduruku

167
Q

Ordered the continuation of the Dakota Access Pipeline in early 2017

A

Donald Trump

168
Q

A Swedish climate activist who at the age of 15 sparked a global youth climate movement known as Fridays for Future

A

Greta Thunberg

169
Q

A young German climate activist who preached a sermon in Berlin’s majestic Berlin Cathedral

A

Luisa Neubauer

170
Q

Uganda climate activist that combines local action in her home country with an international message that Africans aren’t only impacted by climate change, but are also engaged in finding climate solutions

A

Vanessa Nakate

171
Q

Company that wanted to expand mining operation in Munduruku regions of the Amazon rainforest

A

British company Anglo American

172
Q

Message of Greta Thunberg’s protest

A

Politicians should listen to scientists and act accordingly

173
Q

What influenced how humans learned about climate change and how humans respond to that knowledge

A

Global conditions of the second half of the 20th century

174
Q

Considered an international treaty from the United Nations

A

the Charter of the UN

175
Q

Chief aim of the United Nations

A

Preventing the use of force in international relations

176
Q

Defining characteristic of ESS

A

it brings the subjects of different field into a single view of Earth and Earth’s relationship to other celestial bodies

177
Q

Former name of the International Council for Science

A

International Council for Scientific Unions

178
Q

What did the time period in the International GeoPhysical Year (IGY) correspond with

A

A high point in the 11-year cycle of sunspot activity

179
Q

Where did Charles David Keeling conduct his research at

A

from Hawaii at a base on Mauna Loa

180
Q

Bert Bolin traveled where to alert the National Academy of Sciences of the increasing CO2 levels

A

Washington D.C.

181
Q

WHat conclusions did Charles Keeling draw from his data of CO2 measurements

A

that CO2 levels were indeed rising

182
Q

Where was the International Workshop on Climate Issues hosted

A

Austria

183
Q

What did the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) study

A

climate change within an ESS framework

184
Q

The topic conference in Villach, Austria that was organized by ICSU, WMO, and UNEP in 1985

A

“Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”

185
Q

The report that the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) issued

A

“The greenhouse effect, climatic change and ecosystem”

186
Q

Name of the conference WMO contributed to in Toronto

A

“The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security”

187
Q

What did James E. Hansen testify about in 1988

A

That human - induced greenhouse effect, not natural fluctuations, was the cause of climate change

188
Q

Book that was published in 2010 by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

A

“Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”

189
Q

What does the book “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming” explain

A

Why so many American don’t believe in climate change ; The authors retrace an episode in the early 1990s where a small group of strategically places individuals were able to halt action combating climate change

190
Q

What was the political agenda of George C. Marshall Institute

A

To defend certain Cold War policies of then US President Ronald Reagan against critiques from the scientific community

191
Q

What signaled the end of the Cold War

A

When the Berlin Wall came down in 1989

192
Q

William Nierenberg and his other colleagues at the Marshall Institute used their ties to the president and Bush administration to

A

present an unpublished paper about climate change that didn’t have the support of the broader scientific community

193
Q

What did the unpublished paper from William Nierenberg and his colleagues argue

A

that variability in solar energy, not greenhouse gases, was causing warming

194
Q

What does it mean by the opposition to the Kyoto Protocol was bipartisan

A

Both Republicans and Democrats opposed it

195
Q

2 ideas that influenced U.S. public policy regarding climate change

A
  1. Other countries need to commit action before the U.S will commit 2. Taking action to slow climate change will hurt the U.S. economy
196
Q

Al Gore lost the election to Bush after

A

A prolonged legal battle regarding vote counts in the Florida that was settled in the U.S Supreme Court

197
Q

The new Bush administration pursued a policy of

A

expanding global oil production in cooperation with the oil industry

198
Q

The Exxon Mobil began doing what after governmental regulations of fossil fuels appeared

A

Funding organizations that opposed business regulations and promoted skepticism of climate science

199
Q

The year 2022 was the most profitable for

A

Biggest Western oil companies

200
Q

A 2023 poll frames the question according to the

A

binary choice between promoting economic growth or addressing climate change

201
Q

Weather - related events found by a 2023 poll that Democrats say affects where they live

A

extremely hot days; droughts and water shortages; severe storms, including hurricanes; flooding; smoke from wildfires; and wildfires

202
Q

What did Donald Trump say about the 2015 Paris Agreement

A

That it places the U.S. at a “very big economic disadvantage” and withdrew the US from the agreement

203
Q

What did the Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro oversee

A

A rapid increase in the deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest

204
Q

Reputable journalists aim for

A

unbiased coverage

205
Q

A recent study of news broadcasts in the United Kingdom found

A

In 2022 that nearly a third of British broadcasters cast doubt on climate science

206
Q

The caple news channel, Fox News, reports from what perspective

A

a conservative or Republican - leaning perspective

207
Q

Where was the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992

A

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

208
Q

What did the Kyoto Protocol include provisions for

A

Countries that didn’t meet the targeted emission reductions within their own borders to help reduce emissions internationally

209
Q

Procedure included in the Kyoto Protocol for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions

A

Registry systems to track and record emissions, reporting of annual emission inventories, and a compliance system to help parties meet their commitments

210
Q

The Paris Agreement set the goal of

A

limiting the increase in global average temperatures to below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels

211
Q

In order to accomplish the outcome of limiting the increase to 1.5 degrees C, what emissions goals are included

A

A peak in greenhouse gas emissions before 2025 and a 43% decline by 2030

212
Q

A United Nations report from late 2022 indicated that

A

the current pace of emission reductions isn’t even close to putting the world on track to meet the 1.5 degrees C target by the end of the century

213
Q

The Green New Deal references

A

the major public works investment in the 1930s known as the New Deal

214
Q

Credited with revitalizing the US economy during the Great Depression

A

New Deal

215
Q

A key idea of the Green New Deal

A

Financial investment in mitigating climate change could boost new and existing industries and the economy as a whole

216
Q

Provided the largest source of government funding for climate-related issues in US history

A

IRA

217
Q

The IRA provided around $369 billion in climate funding directed to

A

energy, transportation, and agriculture

218
Q

Produced 12% of global energy

A

Wind and solar

219
Q

When hiccups occur, climate skeptics sometimes argue

A

that climate solutions are worse than climate problems in order to stall effort at change and protect status quo

220
Q

What opportunity did the IRA provide for Louisiana

A

to build carbon capture infrasturcture

221
Q

The categories of investment which the Justice40 Initiative applies to

A

climate change, clean energy and energy efficiency, clean transit, affordable and sustainable housing, training and workforce development, remediation and reduction of legacy pollution, and the development of critical clean water and wastewater infrastructure

222
Q

Supporters of the Dakota Access Pipeline contended it would

A

Create new jobs and contribute to the US economy

223
Q

Protestor to the Dakota Access Pipeline did what

A

Camped near the construction site and waged legal battle to stop the proposed construction

224
Q

The route of the Dakota Access Pipeline

A

Passed under the Missouri River at a location that is vital for protecting the drinking water of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation

225
Q

What would be damaged by the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline

A

cultural and religious sites and people’s physical and spiritual health

Soc Sci Section 4 24-25 (7 decks)

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