Social Science S4 ALL VOCAB

Question 1

Global political conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, and their allied nations, from around 1946 - 1991

Answer 1

Cold War ; pg. 55

Question 2

Competition of space exploration and technology between the U.S. and Soviet Union

Answer 2

Space Race ; pg. 56

Question 3

Agency of the U.S. government founded in 1958 that is a global leader in space exploration and the study of the Earth System

Answer 3

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; pg. 56

Question 4

Program established in 1979 for the study of the earth System and climate change

Answer 4

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; pg. 57

Question 5

Established in 1987 to study global change in the context of Earth System Science (ESS)

Answer 5

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) ; pg. 57

Question 6

Initiated a systemic measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Answer 6

Charles Keeling ; pg. 58

Question 7

Swedish meteorologist who in 1959 went to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences

Answer 7

Bert Bolin ; pg. 58

Question 8

A graph that shows the increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere since Charles David Keeling’s initial records

Answer 8

Keeling Curve ; pg. 58

Question 9

People’s contribution to global carbon emissions

Answer 9

Carbon footprint ; pg. 62

Question 10

An international agreement that aimed to combat climate change

Answer 10

Paris Agreement ; pg. 64

Question 11

Also known as UN Climate Change ; established in 1992 as a foundation for intergovernmental action on climate change that led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement

Answer 11

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ; pg. 66

Question 12

A binding agreement among 37 nations that were adopted in 1997 and put into effect starting in 2005

Answer 12

Kyoto Protocol ; pg. 66

Question 13

A goal set for limiting the amount of global warming above the pre-industrial average to __ by the end of the century

Answer 13

1.5 degrees C ; pg. 66

Question 14

A policy proposal by Alexandria Ocasio - Cortez, Senator Ed Markey, and others that involve government investment in building infrastructure and incentivizing industries to help address the climate crisis

Answer 14

Green New Deal ; pg. 67

Question 15

A law passed in 2022 that provides government funding for addressing the challenges posed by climate change

Answer 15

Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) ; pg. 67

Question 16

AKA Carbon capture; involves capturing CO2 in the atmosphere and storing it

Answer 16

Carbon Sequestration ; pg. 67

Question 17

Set the goal that 40% of overall benefits from Federal investment in certain categories flow to underserved communities

Answer 17

Justice40 Initiatives ; pg. 70

Question 18

A nation whose members led a protest that delayed the construction of an oil pipeline in North America

Answer 18

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe ; pg. 70

Question 19

A Brazilian environmental activist and member of the Munduruku people of the Tapajos River Middle Course who defended portions of the Brazilian rainforest in different ways

Answer 19

Alessandra Korap Munduruku ; pg. 71

Question 20

Youth climate activism movement that was inspired by Greta Thunberg’s school strikes for climate in 2018 and spread organically across the world

Answer 20

Fridays for Future; pg. 72

Question 21

A Swedish climate activist who at the age of 15 sparked a global youth climate movement known as Fridays for Future

Answer 21

Greta Thunberg ; pg. 72

Question 22

The first artificial Earth satellite that was launched by the Soviet Union

Answer 22

Sputnik

Question 23

Involves producing sources that act similarly to clouds and that could reflect solar energy away from the surface of the Earth or ocean surfaces

Answer 23

Solar Radiation

Question 24

Involved manipulating the Earth’s environment in ways that counteract the current trends of climate change

Answer 24

Geoengineering

Question 25

Practices of extracting resources or producing clean energy in less-powerful countries and utilizing the benefits in wealthier nations

Answer 25

Climate Colonialism

Question 26

A portion of the Keystone Pipeline System that transports oil from Alberta, Canada, to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico in the US state of Texas

Answer 26

Dakota Access Pipeline