Social Science S4 ALL VOCAB Flashcards
Global political conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, and their allied nations, from around 1946 - 1991
Cold War ; pg. 55
Competition of space exploration and technology between the U.S. and Soviet Union
Space Race ; pg. 56
Agency of the U.S. government founded in 1958 that is a global leader in space exploration and the study of the Earth System
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; pg. 56
Program established in 1979 for the study of the earth System and climate change
World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; pg. 57
Established in 1987 to study global change in the context of Earth System Science (ESS)
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) ; pg. 57
Initiated a systemic measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide
Charles Keeling ; pg. 58
Swedish meteorologist who in 1959 went to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences
Bert Bolin ; pg. 58
A graph that shows the increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere since Charles David Keeling’s initial records
Keeling Curve ; pg. 58
People’s contribution to global carbon emissions
Carbon footprint ; pg. 62
An international agreement that aimed to combat climate change
Paris Agreement ; pg. 64
Also known as UN Climate Change ; established in 1992 as a foundation for intergovernmental action on climate change that led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ; pg. 66
A binding agreement among 37 nations that were adopted in 1997 and put into effect starting in 2005
Kyoto Protocol ; pg. 66
A goal set for limiting the amount of global warming above the pre-industrial average to __ by the end of the century
1.5 degrees C ; pg. 66
A policy proposal by Alexandria Ocasio - Cortez, Senator Ed Markey, and others that involve government investment in building infrastructure and incentivizing industries to help address the climate crisis
Green New Deal ; pg. 67
A law passed in 2022 that provides government funding for addressing the challenges posed by climate change
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) ; pg. 67
AKA Carbon capture; involves capturing CO2 in the atmosphere and storing it
Carbon Sequestration ; pg. 67
Set the goal that 40% of overall benefits from Federal investment in certain categories flow to underserved communities
Justice40 Initiatives ; pg. 70
A nation whose members led a protest that delayed the construction of an oil pipeline in North America
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe ; pg. 70
A Brazilian environmental activist and member of the Munduruku people of the Tapajos River Middle Course who defended portions of the Brazilian rainforest in different ways
Alessandra Korap Munduruku ; pg. 71
Youth climate activism movement that was inspired by Greta Thunberg’s school strikes for climate in 2018 and spread organically across the world
Fridays for Future; pg. 72
A Swedish climate activist who at the age of 15 sparked a global youth climate movement known as Fridays for Future
Greta Thunberg ; pg. 72
The first artificial Earth satellite that was launched by the Soviet Union
Sputnik
Involves producing sources that act similarly to clouds and that could reflect solar energy away from the surface of the Earth or ocean surfaces
Solar Radiation
Involved manipulating the Earth’s environment in ways that counteract the current trends of climate change
Geoengineering
Practices of extracting resources or producing clean energy in less-powerful countries and utilizing the benefits in wealthier nations
Climate Colonialism
A portion of the Keystone Pipeline System that transports oil from Alberta, Canada, to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico in the US state of Texas
Dakota Access Pipeline
