Social Science S4 Dates/Number Flashcards
When did many scientists begin to measure CO2 levels in atmosphere and realize that the rise could lead to global warming
late 1950s
Through what decades did scientists expand their knowledge that human behavior is changing the Earth’s climate
1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
Global conditions of what century influenced how humans learned about climate change and how humans responded to that knowledge
Second half of the 20th century
World War 2 time period
1939 - 45
When was the United Nations (UN) established
1946
Cold War time period
1946 - 91
When did the Soviet Union launch Sputnik
1957
When did the first human land on the moon
1969
When was NASA founded
1958
When was the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) established
1979
When was the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) established
1987
A foundational decade for human understanding of Earth’s climate and anthropogenic climate change
1950s
When was the International Council for Science founded
1931
Lloyd Berkner birth years
1905 - 67
When did Lloyd Berkner suggest that International Council for Science (ICSU) embark on a study of global geophysical activities over a set period
1952
The year time period for the International GeoPhysical Year
July 1957 - December 1958
How many year cycle of sunspot activity did the GeoPhysical Year correspond with
11
Charles David Keeling’s birth years
1928-2005
Bert Bolin birth years
1925 - 2007
When did Bert Bolin go to Washington D.C. to alert the National Academy of Sciences that increasing CO2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences
1959
When did Charles Keeling release data of his CO2 measurements that shows CO2 levels rising
1961
When did Bert Bolin become the first chair of the ICSU’s new committee on atmospheric sciences
1964
When was the World Meteorological Association (WMO) created
1950
When was the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)
1967
When did scientists at an International Workshop on Climate Issues recognize the need for an organization that could do more than GARP
1978
When did the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) succeed GARP as the new center for the study of climate change
1979
When did the ICSU, WMO, and UNEP organize a conference in Austria around the topic “Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts”
1985
When was the conference hosted in Toronto, Canada entitled “The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security”
1988
When did NASA scientist James E. Hansen testify before the US Senate that human-induced greenhouse effect was the cause of climate change
1988
When was the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) created
1988
The years in which Bert Bolin serves on the IPCC as the panel’s first chair
1988 - 1998
When did Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway publish “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”
2010
When did William Nierenberg retire as the Director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography
1984
When did the Berlin Wall go down
1989
When did President George H. W. Bush considering taking action to mitigate climate change
1989
When was the Kyoto Protocol adopted
1997
When did the US Senate agree to a resolution stating that the US will not be part of protocol
July 25, 1997
What were the vote of the US senate to the new resolution
95-0
When did Bill Clinton direct the US to sign the Kyoto Protocol
1998
When did Al Gore run against George W. Bush for president
year 2000
A New York Times article from what date stated that Al Gore’s support for the Kyoto Protocol and Bush’s opposition to it is the leading issue that distinguishes the candidates
November 3, 2000
In what decades did Exxon Mobil participate in a study of climate change but then had to begin funding organizations that oppose business regulations and promote skepticism of climate change
1970s and 1980s
What year was the most profitable year for the biggest Western oil companies
2022
How many oil companies earned a combine $219 billion, from which they paid out $110 billion
6
How much money did 6 oil companies combine make
$219 billion
How much money did the 6 oil companies pay out from the $219 billion that was earned
$110 billion
When did the United States Chamber of Commerce acknowledge that humans contribute to climate change
2019
An independent found that in what year did out of the 39 policies that the Chamber of Commerce took a stance on, it advocated against climate action 25 times
2022
How many times did the Chamber of Commerce advocate against climate action in 2022
25 times
What was the age range for the younger Republicans
18-29
A 2023 poll shows how many Democrats supports addressing climate change and how many Republicans prioritizing economic growth
80% of Democrats ; 72% of Republicans
Another 2023 poll found how many Democrats and Republicans agree human activity is causing changes to the world’s climate
93% of Democrats and 55% of Republicans
When did President Donald Trump states that the 2015 Paris Agreement placed the U.S at a “very big economic disadvantage”
2017
When was President Donald Trump in office
2017-2021
A study of news broadcast in the united Kingdom found that in 2022 nearly how much of British broadcasters cast doubt on climate change
a third
When was there smoke from massive Canadian forest fire go into the US
summer of 2023
When was there a United Nations Conference on Environmental and Development hosted in Rio de Janeiro and when the UNFCCC was founded
1992
When was the Kyoto Protocol in effect
2005
The participating nations in the Kyoto Protocol has individual targets for emission reductions that together as a whole came out to ______ emission reduction over the years ___________
5%; 2008 - 2012
When was the Paris Agreement adopted
2015
How many parties adopted the Paris Agreement
196
Global leaders wanted to increase global average temperatures to ___ by the end of the century
1.5 degrees C
In order to accomplish the 1.5 degrees C, a peak in greenhouse gas emission before 2025 and a ___ decline by 2030 is needed
43%
When was the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) signed into law
August 16, 2022
The IRA provides around how much in climate funding
$369 billion
Wind and solar generated a record amount of clean energy by producing ____ of global energy
12%
Protests were led by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in North Dakota halted construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline when
2016 & 2017
The Ted Talk video in which Katharine Hayhoe is in has over how many views
over 4 million times
When did Donald Trump order the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline to continue
early 2017
When was the Brazilian government notified of the Anglo American withdrawal of the mines
May 2021
Alessandra Korap Munduruku helped protect how many acres of rainforest by protesting
more than 400,000 acres
How many participants were part of the Fridays for Future movement that began in 2018
14 million
How many cities were part of the Fridays for Future movement that began in 2018
7500
When did Greta Thunberg give her speech in Vienna
2019
How old was Greta Thunberg when she did her Fridays for Future movement
15
How many application to mine inside Indigenous territories did Anglo American withdraw
27
