Social responsibility

Question 1

Pro-social behavior and antisocial behavior

Answer 1

Is any behaviour that benefits others. It is an action
that tends to help another and it is not motivated by professional motivation. There is a genuine desire to help someone in need.

They represent a rejection of the norms. It is any
behaviour that causes harm to others including violent behaviour, abusive language, graffiti, vandalism or intimidation.

Question 2

Alturism

Answer 2

is when we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves. It is a type of pro-social behaviour.

Question 3

Reciprocal alturism model

Answer 3

ROBERT TRIVERS 1971
Defines alturism specifically to include prosocial behavior between genetically distant or un related individuals. Explain alturism when kin selction can be ruled out.

The reciprocal model claims that helping is genetically beneficial because if you help when you can, may mean that you will receive help when you need it, aiding in the propagation of your genes.

Cheating is when an alturistic act goes unreciprocated

Question 4

Kin selection theory

Answer 4

Evolutionary explanation for prosocial behavior
Explained by Indirect fitness or inclusive fitness

predicts that animals are more likley to behave alturistically towards their relatives than towards unrelated members because you are helping them so your genes can be passed.

Aslo predicts that degree of alturism will be greater, the closer the relationship

Question 5

Empathy alturism hypotheiss

Answer 5

Daniel Batson believd people act to help others out of empathetic feelings and genuinnne concern for their wellbeing in contrast to social exchange theory where people help when benefits outweigh costs.

Problems:
He faced the socail desirability effect. Must distinguish between alturistic helping and egoistic helping

Solution: empathy escape paradigm
to set up a condition of high empathy (perceived
similarity) and low empathy (perceived dissimilarity).
A second variable allowed an easy escape that solved personal distress

Question 6

Negative state relief model

Answer 6

Ciadini et al 1987
They argue that increased empathy for a victim brings increased sadness for the observer and that it is
the egoistic relief of this sadness rather than altruistic motivation to relief suffering in the victim that
motivates helping.

Question 7

Bystanderism and bystander efect

Answer 7

Bystanderism is the phenomenon of a person or people not intervening despite awareness of another person’s needs

The bystander effect, is the phenomenon where a person´s likelihood of helping decreases when passive bystanders are present in a critical situation.

Question 8

Arousal: cost-reward model

Answer 8

Piliavin et al 1981
Based on the social ecxchange theory : the idea that people engage in social interactions that maximize benefits to themslves. This helps them elimiate the distress.

Individuals will be most likely to help in a situation when the costs of helping are the lowest; conversely, individuals will be least likely to help when the costs of helping are the highest than the reward they will get.