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AP Psych > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Cognition

A

mental processes associated with how we receive and react to others

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2
Q

Social Context

A

activities and interactions that take place among people and settings which behavior occurs and expectations and social norms governing behavior in a given setting

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3
Q

Situational View

A

environmental conditions influence people’s behavior as much as or more than their personal disposition

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4
Q

Dispositional View

A

internal factors (genes, traits, characteristics) influence our behavior more than the situation we are in

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

tendency to over attribute behavior of others to internal factors such as personality traits and minimizing situational influences

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6
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

an error in the way we look at and interpret ourselves and the situations we find ourselves in. We judge ourselves by a double standard, success due to internal factors, failure to external factors

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7
Q

Attitudes

A

Beliefs & Feelings that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events

1) Cognitive - set of beliefs about attributes of objects
2) Affective - feelings about object
3) Behavioral - way people act toward object

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8
Q

Central Route Persuasion (Direct)

A

Attributes change when interested people focus on scientific evidence/arguments and responses

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9
Q

Peripheral Route Persuasion

A

Attitude changes when people make judgements based on incidental cues & attractiveness of speaker

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10
Q

Psychology of Attraction

A

1) Proximity
2) Mere Exposure Effect
3) Similarity
4) Physical Attractiveness

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11
Q

Expectancy Value Theory

A

People decide to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their chances of succeeding in the relationship. We try to have relationships with the most attractive people we think will probably like us in return to minimize the risk of failure.

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12
Q

Reward Theory of Attraction

A

we like those who give us maximum rewards or benefit at minimum costs

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13
Q

Intimate Relationships

A

1) Passionate love: arousal state of positive physical absorption
2) Compassionate love: deep, affectionate, intimate attachment marked by mutual concern

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14
Q

Social Norms

A

a group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members’ attitudes and behaviors for its members in given situations

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15
Q

Broad Guidelines

A

political, religious views of quiet specific areas (silence in a library)

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16
Q

Guide Behavior

A

what is acceptable to discuss, define dress-code, unwritten roles

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17
Q

Conformity

A

tendency for people to adapt their behaviors, attitudes, & opinions to fit the action of other members of a group

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18
Q

Line Experiment

A

Solomon Asch

test levels of conformity, identified 3 factors that influence whether a person will yield to group pressure

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19
Q

3 Factors that affect conformity

A

1) size of the majority
2) Presence of a partner who dissented from the majority
3) Size of the discrepancy between correct answer and majority’s opinion

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20
Q

Conformity increases when

A 
You feel incompetent
In a group of 3 or more
Impressed by status
Made no prior commitment to a response
Observed by others
21
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Desire to avoid rejection, gain social approval

22
Q

Informative Social Influence

A

Group may provide valuable information, want to accept opinion of others

23
Q

Copliance

A

adjusting one’s behavior to implicit or explicit request

24
Q

Obedience

A

change in behavior in response to a command by someone of authority

1) prestige
2) presence of others who disobey
3) personality

25
Q

Social Dilemma

A

situation in which selfish behavior that benefits individuals in short time causes disaster for group in long term

26
Q

Social Facilitation

A

improved performance on a task in presence of others, generally because of heightened state of awareness

27
Q

Social Loafing

A

People in group exert less effort than individually

28
Q

Deindividualization

A

Loss of self awareness & self restraint in group situations that foster arousal & anonymity. Less responsible in big group

29
Q

Group Think

A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic view of alternatives

30
Q

Factors that Promote Group Think

A

1) High Croup Cohesiveness

Directive leadership, homogeneity of members social background, high stress from external threats

31
Q

Group Polarization

A

If members of a group have similar, but not identical views about a topic and discuss them, their opinions become more extreme and pronounced. If a group is like minded, discussions with strengthen its attitudes

32
Q

Prejudice

A

having negative thoughts, emotions, attitudes or feelings towards and individual based on his/her membership in a particular group

33
Q

Discrimination

A

act taken against a person because of his/her membership in a group

34
Q

Components of Prejudice

A

1) Beliefs
2) emotions
3) Pre-disposition to act

35
Q

Causes of Prejudice

A

Social inequalities
social divisions
though patterns
scapegoating theory

36
Q

Social Identities

A

in group - people with whom you share identity
out group - those perceived as different from your group
in group bias - favor one’s own group

37
Q

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice

A

Categorize people by stereotyping them

Tendency to believe world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get - just world phenomenon

38
Q

Conflict

A

perceived incompatibility of action, goals or ideas

can cause destructive cycle with social traps - pursue our own personal interests at cost of collective well being

39
Q

Mirror Image Perception

A

We see others as untrustworthy, they see us as untrustworthy

40
Q

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Behave towards others in ways that influence them in ways to justify our beliefs about them

41
Q

Aggression

A

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy whether reactive or out of hostility or proactively as calculated means to an end
Genetic Influences - in men linked to Y-chromosome
Neutral Influence - some centers in brain especially limbic system and frontal love involved with aggression

42
Q

Stages of Aggression

A
  1. Frustration: aggressive principle, principle in which frustration creates anger which can create aggression
  2. Excitation transfer: arousal from one experience may carry over to independent situation
43
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish regard for others

44
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

people help in order to reduce unpleasant arousal (feelings) caused by another person’s distress yet attempt to minimize cost of doing hte deed

45
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

expectation we should return help not harm to those who have helped us

46
Q

Socio Responsibility

A

largely learned, tell us to help others when they need us even though they may not pay us in kind

47
Q

Influence in social exchange theory

A

1) Clarity for need of help - in dire need will help most of the time
2) Presence of others
3) Personality of Helper
4) Other environmental factors: (being in a small town, not being in a rush, nice weather, just seeing someone else helped)

48
Q

Bystander Effect

A

Number of people present increase, likelihood that one person will help decrease

49
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

If more are present, the responsibility for helping spreads amongst all present

AP Psych (9 decks)

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