SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2 Flashcards
What is the Prisoner’s Dilemma? What does it tell us about the prevalence of cooperation?
Game theory model for understanding cooperation & competition
Prisoners convicted of crimes - can either confess or not
Models why cooperation can be rare
Influence of trust
What is the tit-for-tat strategy?
I do something for you, you do something for me
What is altruism? Why is its existence hard to explain, in terms of evolutionary theory?
Behavior toward another person that benefits the other person, at potential cost to self
Evolutionary theory - promote your own genes, operates on selfishness
What are the three explanations for altruism? Be able to provide examples for each explanation.
Selfishness - helping actually benefits yourself
Giving blood
Inclusive fitness - help relatives
Adopting children related to you
Reciprocal - help others in return for future help for yourself
Helping a friend move hoping they’ll help you
move
What types of psychological studies were spurred by the murder of Kitty Genovese?
Got attacked outside her building, lots of witnesses, nobody helped, why?
What is the bystander effect? What factors influence the strength of the bystander effect?
As the number of people present increase, the likelihood of helping decreases
Ambiguity - more helping if clearer that person truly needs help
Cohesiveness - more helping if member of established group
Social responsibility norm
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Assume someone else will help, especially if large group of bystanders
What are some sex differences in the expression of aggression?
Males more aggressive than females in many species
In children:
Boys & girls equally verbally aggressive
Boys use more physical aggression
Girls use more indirect (relational) aggression
What is the intrauterine position effect, and how does it demonstrate the effect of testosterone on aggression?
Natural testosterone exposure in placenta → 2M adult females more aggressive than 0M
What are some aggression correlates of low serotonin levels?
Higher scores on standard aggression tests
Impulsive arson
Animal abuse
How does observational learning influence aggression?
BoBo doll study
How did Lee et al. (2013) investigate the effects of spanking on child aggression? What were the main results?
Kids who were spanked at age 3 were more aggressive at age 5 than children who were not spanked
What is catharsis?
Releasing, & thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
How did Bushman (2002) investigate the effect of catharsis on the expression of aggression? What were the main results?
IV = activity
Punching bag + rumination
Punching bag + distraction
Control
DV = intensity & duration of noise blast to person who made you angry
Ps in rumination more aggressive than other 2 groups
Catharsis does not help
