Social Psychology

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 2

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 2

Occurs when two thoughts or cognitions, are variance with one another

Question 3

Social exchange theory

Answer 3

Our social behavior revolves around exchanges in which we try to minimize our costs and maximize our benefits

Question 4

Group polarization

Answer 4

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing tendencies through discussion

Question 5

Social responsibility norm

Answer 5

The expectation that people will help those who depend on them

Question 6

GRIT )Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction)

Answer 6

A strategy of conflict resolution based on the defusing effect that conciliatory gestures can have on parties in conflict

Question 7

equity

Answer 7

The condition in which there is mutual giving and receiving between the partners in a relationship

Question 8

Groupthink

Answer 8

The unrealistic though processes and decision making that occur within groups when the desire for group harmony overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 9

attitudes

Answer 9

Feelings, often based on beliefs, that may predispose a person to respond in particular ways to objects, people and events

Question 10

Reciprocity norm

Answer 10

The expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Question 11

Attribution theory

Answer 11

Deals with our causal explanations of behavior

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint that sometimes occurs in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 13

Passionate love

Answer 13

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person

Question 14

Foot in the door phenomenon

Answer 14

The tendency for people who agree to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 15

Social psychology

Answer 15

The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

Question 16

prejudice

Answer 16

An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

Question 17

altruism

Answer 17

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 18

Superordinate goals

Answer 18

Mutual goals that require the cooperation of individuals or groups otherwise in conflict

Question 19

Social trap

Answer 19

A situation in which conflicting parties become caught up in mutually harmful behavior as they pursue their perceived best interest

Question 20

Social facilitation

Answer 20

The improvement in performance of simple or well learned tasks that occurs when other people are present

Question 21

Frustration aggression principle

Answer 21

Aggression is triggered when people become angry because their efforts to achieve a goal have been blocked

Question 22

Just world phenomenon

Answer 22

Manifestation of the commonly held belief that good is rewarded and evil is punished

Question 23

Normative social influence

Answer 23

Refers to the pressure on individuals to conform in order to avoid rejection or gain social approval

Question 24

Ingroup bias

Answer 24

The tendency to favor one’s own group

Question 25

Scapegoat theory

Answer 25

Proposes that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame

Question 26

Mere exposure effect

Answer 26

Refers to the fact that repeated exposure to an unfamiliar stimulus increases our liking of it

Question 27

Social loafing

Answer 27

The tendency for individual effort to be diminished when one is part of a group working toward a common goal

Question 28

Informational social influence

Answer 28

One goes along with a group when one is willing to accept others’ opinions about reality

Question 29

Bystander effect

Answer 29

The tendency of a person to be less likely to offer help to someone if there are other people present

Question 30

Compassionate love

Answer 30

Deep, enduring, affectionate attachment

Question 31

discrimination

Answer 31

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members

Question 32

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 32

Tendency to underestimate the impact of situations and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions upon the behavior of other

Question 33

Self-disclosure

Answer 33

A person’s sharing intimate feelings with another

Question 34

stereotype

Answer 34

A generalized belief about a group of people

Question 35

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 35

Theory that we act to reduce the psychological discomfort we experience when our behavior conflicts with what we think and feel, or more generally, when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Question 36

conformity

Answer 36

The tendency to change one’s thinking or behavior to coincide with a group standard

Question 37

conflict

Answer 37

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas between individuals or groups