Memory Flashcards
memory
the persistenc eof learning over time through the storage and retrival of information
flashbulb memory
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
encoding
the processing of information into the memory system
storage
the retention of encoded information over time
retrieval
the process of getting information out of memory storage
sensory memory
the immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
long term memory
relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
short term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly (phone number)
working memory
a newer understanding of shortterm memor that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory & visual spatical information an d of information from long term memory
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
rehersal
the conscious repitition of information either to naintain it in consciousness of to encode it for storage
spacing effect
distributing and studying/practicing to yield better long term memory retention
serial position effect
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
visual encoding
the encoding of sound
acoustic encoding
the encoding of picture images
semantic encoding
encoding of meaning (words, symbols)
imagery
mental pictures
mnemonics
memory aids (peg words)
chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units (a list of numbers into years)
ionic memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
echoic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
long term potentiation
an increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
amnesia
partial or total loss of memory due to injury, illness, shock or psychological disturbance
implicit memory
retention independent of conscious recollection (procedural memory;how to ride a bike)
explicit memory
memory of facts & experiences that one can consciously know and declare (declaritive memory)
hippocampus
a neural center that is located in the limbic system & helps process explicit memories for storage
recall
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlies (fill in the blank)
recognition
a measure of memory in which the person must identify items previously learned (multiple choice)
relearning
memory measure that assesses the amound of time saved when learning material for a second time
mood congruent memory
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood
positive interference
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
retroactive interference
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
repression
a basic defense mechanism that banishes information from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories
misinformation effect
incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
source amnesia
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about or imagined
