Cognition Flashcards
Cogintion
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Concept
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a category
Algorithm
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Heuristic
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
Insight
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Confirmation bias
A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s precognitions
Fixation (cognition)
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Mental set
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way (often one that has been successful in the past)
Functional fixedness
The tendency to to think if things only in terms of their usual functions
Representative heuristic
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes
Availability heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct
Framing
The way an issue is posed (10% died vs. 90% lived)
Belief bias
The tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
