Social Psychology

Question 1

What is Trait view?

Answer 1

We behave and think consistently across situation

Question 2

What is Situationist view?

Answer 2

Our thoughts and behaviors change with the situation

Question 3

What is Interactionist view?

Answer 3

Both traits and situations affect thoughts and behavior

Question 4

How is Social Psychology defined?

Answer 4

Study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by other people, whether actual or imagined

Question 5

How is Social Psychology different from Sociology?

Answer 5

It differs at the level of the individual:

sociology studies how culture and society affect behavior or others

Social psychology studies how other individuals affect our behavior

Question 6

What was Asch’s conformity study?

Answer 6

Participants told they were in a visual perception test

Shown 3 lines and asked which one matched the reference line

Confederates said incorrect answer

Goal was to study how participants would respond to group’s incorrect judgement: conformity to peer pressure

Question 7

What is Bystander Apathy?

Answer 7

The tendency of people to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present

Question 8

What was the Zimbardo Prison study?

Answer 8

Stanford undergraduates assigned to prisoner/guard positions

Behavior was greatly influenced by the context they were placed in

Question 9

What was Milgrams Obedience study

Answer 9

Milgrams shock box

Student + teacher

Studied how far someone was willing to go under order to commit actions they did not agree with

Question 10

What is the Correspondent Inference theory?

Answer 10

How people make judgments about others’ intentions and traits based on their actions

Choice
Non-common effects(low frequency events that stand out)

Undesirablity

Question 11

What is, and what are Dispositional attributions made of?

Answer 11

Attribute events or behavior to internal factors rather than external factors

-It is perceived the person had a choice
-Low frequency event
-Action was undesirable

Question 12

What is the Causal Attribution theory? Three key parts?

Answer 12

Process by which people interpret and explain the causes behind events or behaviors

Consensus, Consistency, Distinctiveness

Question 13

What factors of the Causal Attribution theory led to Attribution to Internal Causes

Answer 13

-Low consensus (people do not react in same manner to stimuli)

-High consistency (Person reacts to this stimulus in a similar manner on other occasions)

-Low distinctiveness(This person reacts in the same manner to other, different stimuli)

Question 14

What factors of the Causal Attribution theory led to Attribution to External Causes

Answer 14

-High consensus (other people react to this stimulus in same manner)

-Low consistency (This person does not react to this stimulus similarly on other occasions)

-High distinctiveness (reacts in the same manner to other, different stimuli)

Question 15

What happened to Michael Brown Jr. ?

Answer 15

18 year old African American fatally shot by 28 year old white police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, MI

Darren Wilson was found not guilty by a grand jury

Question 16

What is the Festinger Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

Answer 16

Explains how people experience discomfort when their actions are inconsistent with their beliefs or values: results in anxiety and aversive feelings

Difference between our behavior and our attitudes, attitudes and self-image, or two attitudes that we hold

Question 17

What are the two types of Attributions and how are they defined?

Answer 17

Dispositional: behavior attributed to an internal disposition or inclination

Situational: behavior attributed to the circumstances or situation

Question 18

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 18

Overestimate significance of dispositional factors underestimate the significance of situational

applicable when: explaining behavior of others

Question 19

What is the Actor-observer bias?

Answer 19

Other’s behavior attributed to dispositional factors, our own behavior attributed to external factors

Question 20

What are the two components of Self-serving bias?

Answer 20

Successful outcomes of personal behavior attributed to internal causes

Unsuccessful outcomes of personal behavior attributed to external causes

Question 21

How are stereotypes defined?

Answer 21

Generalized beliefs about the characteristics of a group, whether good or bad

Question 22

How is prejudice defined?

Answer 22

Dislike based on faulty and inflexible generalizations; felt or expressed. May be directed toward a whole group or an individual due to group membership

Question 23

How is discrimination defined?

Answer 23

Different treatment of people based on their membership of a group

Question 24

What was the Implicit Association Test?

Answer 24

A task based on automatic associations

Categorize faces and words into appropriate groups using a keyboard

Cards used, then words with black or white faces

Question 25

What is prejudice a byproduct of?

Answer 25

How we think as human beings:

-Schema (categorizations: Accommodation vs Assimilation)

-Confirmation bias (search for evidence that verifies one’s beliefs)

-Belief perseverance (tendency to cling to beliefs even when they have been discredited

Question 26

What is Social Identify Theory?

Answer 26

How people construct and express their sense of belonging of social groups

Question 27

What is Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer 27

The tendency to underestimate differences among members of a group when you are not apart of it

Question 28

What is Realistic Conflict Theory?

Answer 28

Prejudice is enhanced when there is direct competition for limited resources

data: prejudice seems to increase during difficult economic times

Question 29

What is The Robber’s Cave Study (Sherif)? What were its findings?

Answer 29

Boy Scout camp study involving well-adjusted 12 year old boys

Competition did indeed produce inter-group conflict, hostility, and prejudice

Question 30

What are the consequences of Realistic Conflict theory? (competition for limited resources enhance prejudice)

Answer 30

Stereotype threat

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 31

What is Stereotype threat?

Answer 31

apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a manner that confirms an existing cultural stereotype about their group

Question 32

What is a Self fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 32

We may unknowingly create stereotypical behavior in out-group members through our treatment of them