Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
An internal record or representation of a prior experience or event
A reconstruction, not a perfect record of events
Sensory Memory
Temporary storage of sensory information
Limited capacity, less than one second(visual) or a few seconds (hearing)
Short-Term Memory (Working Memory)
Brief storage of information currently being used
Limited capacity, less than 20 seconds
Iconic memory
Sensory memory that stores visual information lasting less than half a second
Echoic Memory
Sensory memory that stores auditory information for 3 to 4 seconds
Long-Term Memory
Relatively permanent storage of information
Unlimited capacity, long or permanent duration
How does one get from sensory memory to short term memory?
Attention
How does one get from short-term memory to long-term memory?
Elaborative rehearsal or deep processing
What is the difference between Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia
Anterograde- unable to form new memories after amnesia
Retrograde- loss of memories formed prior to amnesia
What does the Hippocampus do?
Long-term memory formation, retrieval, organization, and spatial navigation. Found deep in the temporal lobe and is a part of the limbic system.
What is the difference between Explicit and Implicit (Procedural) Memory?
Explicit memory: consciously recalling specific information
Implicit memory: unconscious skills and tasks
What is memory encoding?
Sensory information is transformed into a memory that can be stored and later retrieved
What is an encoding failure?
When information is not processed adequately in long-term memory and cannot be recalled later
What is Encoding Specificity?
Memory retrieval is more effective when the conditions at the time of recall match the conditions during encoding
environment, mood, mental state
What is Interference? What is the difference between Proactive and Retroactive interference?
Disruption of memory due to competition between different memories
Proactive: Older memories interfere with newer information
Retroactive: New memories interfere with older information
