SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
Social Psychology
-study of how social context influences people’s thoughts. feelings, and actions
-enviroment changes behaviour
E.g how temp effects ones’s level of aggresion
Transference
-assuming a new person and someone we know has the same traits bcz of resemble
impression management
-put their best face forward
Fundamental Attribution Error
-tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and situational factors
-internal cause
E.g my bf didn’t text me; he must hate me
Self-serving attributions
-tendency to attribute success to own efforts
E.g. I did well on the test since I am so smart
Attitude
-3 components
an affective feeling, a cognitive belief, a behavioural motivation
E.g. everyday behaviour and decision making
Implicit vs Explicit Attitudes
Implicit:
-automatic association
-learned through person, place, thing
-harder to change
-unconscious belief
Explicit:
what we feel/believe about one, thing, place
-shaped by values or norms
-conscious belief
*both predict behaviour
The elaboration likelihood model
-a central route (relies on thought, reflective process)
-a peripheral route (surface-level features -judging by looks)
Impressions/forming them
-stories we tell about other people
- Understand who we interacting with
- Know what people will be like in the future
Internal vs External
Internal:
-dispostional
External:
-situational
cognitive dissonance
-sense of conflict between actions and attitudes can reduce dissonance and improve behaviour
E.g I am healthy, but I smoke , therefore, person stops smoking
Cope with Dissonance
- Change Behaviour
- Change attitude
- Reframe Behaviour
- Add consonant cognitions
– “Multitasking is the sign of an efficient person” - Reduce perceived control
– “I have to reply quickly or friends will reject me” 34
Self-Justification
-results from the desire to
perceive self as rational and predictable
conformity (reasons,examples)
-people implicity adapt behaviour, b
beliefs, and preferences based of group norms
-the desire for social approval
Reasons we Conform:
- Informational Social influence
-we believe others know better - Normative Social Influence
-wanting to get along with others
-social impact theory (strength, immediacy, number)
E.g A lady standing up with the group in the clinic
Social Facilitation
People perform better watched by multiple parties
E.g. Hotdog eating competition
Group Polarization
-tendency for ones attitude to be more extreme after discussing it with like minded people
less of this = decreasing group homogeneity
Milgram
-paired people up with one person assigned as the role of learner
-teacher’s role was to read a list of word pairs over intercom to person in the adjacent room
-each incorrect answer would lead to an electric shock to learner
OBJECTIVE
-test in the teacher role would be willing to give shocks even when the learner cried out in pain
-test peoples obedience
RESULTS
-65% obedience compared to 0.1% estimate
Attribution of atrocity
What caused these events?
– Attributions are narratives, or stories, we tell about causes
for other people’s behaviour
1. Personality attribution
– Evil people committed these acts
2. Situation attribution
– Situation facilitated evil actions
THE NAME OF THE GAME STUDY
-aimed to understand how the name of the game could influence participants behaviour
-more cooperative or competitive
-participants were asked to play the same game but with different names, “wall street game” led to more competitive stategies while “Community game” led to more cooperative startegies
Moderators of Obedience
- Distance between victim
- Distance between authority
- Legitmacy
- Unanimity
Social Identity theory
-for prejiduce to occur theres must be a ingroup and outgroup
