Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Symptom

Answer 1

• physical or mental features regarding condition or physiological disorder

E.g mind wandering during class, but grades are still high

Question 2

NORMAL, MILD TO MODERATE, SEVERELY DISORDERED

Answer 2

NORMAL
- studies hard, attends classes
- temporary feelings of anxiety

MILD TO MODERATE
- slight doubt in themselves
- longer-lasting periods of anxiety (interfere with academics)
- drifting off, video games, texting

SEVERELY DISORDERED
- I’m a failure
- long-lasting periods impacting academic and social functioning
-skips, avoids others

Question 3

Point Prevelance

Answer 3

• the percentage of people given a psychological disorder at a particular point in time

Question 4

Lifetime prevelance

Answer 4

• percentage of people in a certain population who will be given psychological disorder at any point in their lives

US
- anxiety related disorder 29%

Question 5

Clinical Assessment

Answer 5

Procedure to gather information needed to perform a diagnosis

1. begin with a clinical interview (describe problems, and concerns)
2. self-report methods
3. projective tests
   - respond to pictures

Question 6

DSM- 5

Answer 6

• classification scheme for psychological disorders

-contains appendix of culture-specific disorders

Question 7

Benefit of Diagnostic Labels

Answer 7

• improved treatment (therapy, medication, or both)
• specific labels for different disorders ensure proper treatment

Question 8

The Diathesis-Stress Model of Psychological Disorders

Answer 8

• identifies one set of factors that influence the disorder
• also identifies other stressors that trigger

E.g one experiences a disorder because they have diathesis (mental illness) and stressor (hurricane)

Question 9

Anxiety Related Disorders

Answer 9

• feeling of intense worry, nervousness, or unease
  -most common in women

1. A Specific Phobia
   - fear of particular objects, situations
   E.g snakes, heights, dentists, blood
2. Social- Anxiety
   - afraid of being watched, evaluated, judged by others
   -fear of negative evaluation
   -emerges in childhood

Question 10

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Answer 10

• occurrence of panic attacks
  Agoraphobia
• fear of being in situations one can’t escape

Question 11

The Diathesis-Stress Model of Psychological Disorders

Answer 11

• excessive anxiety
• a constant state of worrying regarding multiple factors

Question 12

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 12

• obsession (disturbing unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (actions)
  -affects 2% of the US population at some point in their lives

Question 13

Trauma and Stressor related Disorders

Answer 13

-triggered by events that involve death, injury, violation

Question 14

Acute stress disorder

Answer 14

• less than a month

Question 15

PTSD

Answer 15

• enduring, more than a month
  E.g lifetime prevalence of PTSD in the US is 7 %

Question 16

Comorbidity

Answer 16

• one anxiety disorder makes in more likely that some one will experience another disorder at the same time

Question 17

Concordance Rate

Answer 17

• The Diathesis-Stress Model of Psychological Disorders

Question 18

Mood-related Disorder (Depressive disorder)

Answer 18

-feelings of sadness or emptiness
-diminishes interest or pleasure in activities

Question 19

Rumination

Answer 19

• repetitively turning emotional difficulties over and over in the mind

Question 20

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 20

• depressed mood
• loss of pleasure
• manic episodes
• mood swings

Question 21

hypomania

Answer 21

• A state of high excitement and energy often characterized by racing thoughts, a feeling of invincibility or omnipotence, and a lack of boundaries or inhibitions.

Question 22

mania

Answer 22

• A state of high excitement and energy often characterized by racing thoughts, a feeling of invincibility or omnipotence, and a lack of boundaries or inhibitions.

Question 23

Suicide

Answer 23

• In nearly every country, men are more likely than women to die by suicide.

Question 24

Negative Cognitive Schema

Answer 24

• individuals’ negative thoughts about themselves, the future, and the world.

Question 25

Explanatory Style

Answer 25

- How a person explains why bad things happen to him or her.

Question 26

Schizophrenia

Answer 26

- diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood - dopamine neurotransmitter - delusions (Grandiosity -greatest of all) - hallucinations (sensory experiences) negative symptom: - anhedonia (loss of interest in activities) - express little emotion

Question 27

Genetic Factor in Schizophrenia

Answer 27

First Degree Relative - sibling, parents, twin, children Second Degree Relative - grandchildren, uncle, aunts, half siblings Third Degree Relative - first cousin

Question 28

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 28

1. defect in social communication and interaction 2. repetitive patterns of interest or behaviour - have some problems in the functioning of their amygdala, a brain structure that plays an essential role in emotion and motivation

Question 29

ADHD

Answer 29

- most common disorder in childhood - 8.5% children in the US - diagnoses has increased dramatically in recent years

Question 30

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 30

- multiple personality disorder - two or more identities

Question 31

Personlaity Disorder

Answer 31

- enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour 1. deviates cultural norms and expectations 2. is “inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations, 3. leads to “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning”

Question 32

DSM-5 Personality Disorders

Answer 32

CLUSTER A: ODD OR ECCENTRIC BEHAVIOUR - paranoid, schizoid CLUSTER B: DRAMATIC OR EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOUR - antisocial, narcisstic CLUSTER C: ANXIOUS OR FEARFUL BEHAVIOUR - avoidance, dependent, obsessive