social psychology Flashcards
what is the ABCs of social psych? and what does it explore?
Affect (emotional effect) , behaviour (how it influences behaviour), cognition (thought and attitudes). how people thoughts, feelings and behaviour interact in the social environment
what are attitudes?
they are formed as a result of judging an object, person, idea, place and they can be implicit/explicit and subtle
what is conformity?
changing others beliefs, attitudes, opinions or behaviour to be complicit with social norm
what is compliance?
getting others to do something
what is obedience?
compliance that occurs to authority, expertise or someone in a higher social rank
what is the norm of reciprocity?
you give something, they feel compelled to give it back
what is deindividuation and an example of it?
in the presence of others we decrease in self regulation, participate in mob behaviour, or behave in unexpected ways
Example: stanford prison experiment
what is stigma?
the shared beliefs about undesirable traits
stereotype, prejudice and discrimination are what ABCs of social psych?
A: affect: prejudice (because of the type of emotion linked with prejudice)
B: behaviour: discrimination (because of the behaviour linked with discrimination)
C: cognition: stereotype (because of the belief of thoughts that make up the attitude)
what is prejudice?
hostile or negative attitudes towards people in different groups based on that membership within that group
how are in-groups and out-groups viewed?
in groups are more favoured receive better treatment, out-groups are viewed negatively to protect the self
what is scapegoating?
when unhappy or annoyed people displace aggression on groups that tend to be disliked and powerless. so we blame other groups for our misfortunes
what is frustration-aggression theory?
aggressive acts caused by frustration
what does the cave experiment show?
in-group bias; but when different groups share a desired goal, cooperation and interdependence can occur, leading to improved intergroup relations
what is the jigsaw classroom?
5th graders were put in groups together with those from different racial and academic backgrounds
what did the jigsaw classroom show?
diverse groups led to more enjoyment, better self-esteem, and less prejudice
what is bem’s self perception theory?
we infer our attitudes from our behaviour. behaviour causes attitudes
what is heider’s balance theory?
a balance must exist between interpersonal relationships so that psychological harmony can exist. same attitude towards and attitude object = balance
what are the three elements of interpersonal relationships?
P- person
O - object/other
X - attitude object
how strong is the attitude behaviour link?
weak
what is cognitive dissonance theory?
a feeling of discomfort we experience when we behave in a way that does not align with our attitudes
what do we do when we experience cognitive dissonance?
we try to minimise it. we try and change the attitude to match the behaviour, or change the behaviour to match the attitude
what is the elaboration likelihood model?
it is how we process persuasive messages. either carefully or superficial.
what is the peripheral route of persuasion and what is the central route of persuasion?
peripheral route of persuasion is when we rely on heuristics, unwilling or unable to comprehend the message, and they less likely to persuade someone
central route of persuasion is when we carefully analyse a message, and are motivated to comprehend it, they are more likely to persuade someone
what is normative social influence?
social forces that exert pressure to conform to social norms to avoid group disapproval
what did asch and milgrams obedience studies show?
how situational pressures can influence conformity and determine behaviour
what is adaptive conservatism?
evolutionary principle that causes a increased likelihood of distrusting anything or anyone thats different
what is the ultimate attribution error?
attributing the negative behaviour of entire groups to their internal attributes or traits
what is out-group homogeneity?
tendency to view all people in the group as highly similar and most likely having at least one undesirable trait
what is discrimination?
the behaviour of treating out-group members differently from in-group members
what is blatant prejudice?
open expression of hostility and negative attitudes
what is subtle prejudice?
tends to be indirect and denying positive expression to minority groups
what is racial socialisation?
educating and training people about the nature of racism and its consequences
