Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro to psych (1 & 2) > Cognitive psychology > Flashcards

Cognitive psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is pre attentive processing?

A

processing info without conscious effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is selective attention?

A

focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three stages of the general model of attention?

A

sensory memory, selector, working memory (active processing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the cocktail party effect?

A

you notice personally relevant information (e.g. name) even when attention is directed elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the filter model of attention suggest?

A

information is selected based on early sensory properties and higher level processing occurs before reaching working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is attentive processing?

A

requires active focus and is limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a conjunction search?

A

when a target is defined by multiple features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does late selection theory suggest?

A

that info is processed for meaning before attention is fully directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the difference between bottom up and top down processing?

A

bottom up processing is influenced by the physical properties of stimuli. top down processing is driven by the perceiver’s goals, expectations, and semantic attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is automatisation?

A

when tasks can be performed automatically and do not require attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is spaced based and feature based attention?

A

space based attention is based on selecting regions of space to focus on. feature based attention is focusing on particular features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is inattentional blindness?

A

failure to notice unexpected events or changes as attention is directed elsewhere, even when the change is clearly in view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is change blindness? what study was an example of this?

A

failure to notice changes in ones environment
the door study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if an unexpected object is closer and the same colour as the task object are participants more or less likely to notice it?

A

more likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is overt attention?

A

where someones eyes are fixated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is covert attention?

A

where someones attention is focused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is spatial neglect?

A

a condition where damage to one hemisphere of the brain causes a deficit in attention to the opposite side of space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is simultagnosia?

A

the inability to perceive more than one object at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is episodic memory?

A

is autobiographical memory, which includes personal experiences and events from ones life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is semantic memory?

A

general knowledge that is not tied to personal experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is prospective memory?

A

remembering info which involves performing actions in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the name of the memory store for how to perform tasks and skills?

A

procedural memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the two ways that memory failures can happen?

A

decay and interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the three memory stages?

A

sensory, short term, long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is iconic memory? what store is it within?

A

stores visual info, like colour and shape. sensory memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is echoic memory? what store of memory is it in?

A

is auditory memories and is within sensory memory

26
Q

what is the capacity rule for STM?

A

7 + or - 2

27
Q

what is rehearsal?

A

repeating info over and over again to keep it within STM for longer

28
Q

what is the primacy effect?

A

words at the beginning of a list are recalled well because they are repeated more

29
Q

what is the recency effect?

A

words at the end of a list are recalled well because they are still stored in STM

30
Q

what does a faster rate of presentation effect?

A

primacy effect as there is less time for rehearsal

31
Q

what does a filler task do to serial position effects?

A

it decreases the recency effect as the STM is occupied with other things

32
Q

what is chunking and what is it helpful for?

A

chunking is dividing info into meaningful chunks and helps increase STM capacity

33
Q

out of physical/visual, rhyme, or semantic processing, which is the worst and best form of processing?

A

best: semantic
worst: physical/visual

34
Q

what is a conceptual framework which helps understand events?

A

schema

35
Q

what is a retrieval failure?

A

when info is unable to be retrieved as we have lost access to it

36
Q

what is a psuedomemory?

A

a false memory but feels like it has actually been experienced

37
Q

what is flashbulb memory?

A

vivid and detailed memories associated with emotionally charged events, but are not accurate over time

38
Q

what is the misinformation effect?

A

providing people with misleading info after an event which leads to fake memories

39
Q

what is source amnesia?

A

difficulty remembering how and where info was acquired

40
Q

what is confabulation?

A

honest lying. creating false memories without intending to deceive

41
Q

what is anosognosia?

A

lack of awareness or concern about a memory deficit

42
Q

what is the role of the hippocampus?

A

helps form memories about events

43
Q

what helps form memories about emotional components?

A

amygdala

44
Q

what is the function of the neocortex?

A

memories are stored here and then distributed

45
Q

what is declarative memory? What is its two components?

A

is verbalisable factual info
divided into semantic and episodic memory

46
Q

what are the two kinds of interference?

A

retroactive: when learning something new gets in the way of the old learning
proactive: when the old interferes with the new

47
Q

what are the two forms of rehearsal?

A

maintenance: repeating the stimuli in their original form
elaborative: linking stimuli in meaningful ways

48
Q

what is explicit memory and what is its other name?

A

declarative memory
process of recalling info intentionally

49
Q

what is implicit memory? what is an example of it? what are the two subcategories?

A

process of recalling info we do not remember deliberately such as the steps to unlock a door
priming: ability to identify stimulus better after previous encounter with a similar stimuli
procedural: memory of motor skills and habits

50
Q

what are the three processes of memory?

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

51
Q

what can help retrieval failures?

A

retrieval cues

51
Q

what are the two forms of encoding specificity?

A

context dependent learning: better retrieval when the external context of the original matches the retrieval context
state dependent learning: better retrieval when the same psych or physiological state were experienced in the encoding phase and then in the retrieval state

52
Q

what are the three Rs of measuring memory?

A

recall, relearn, recognition

53
Q

what is long term potentiation? what neurotransmitter aids this?

A

neurons that fire together, wire together
glutamate

54
Q

what is reterograde amnesia?

A

lose some memories of the past

55
Q

what is anterograde amnesia?

A

inability to form new memories

56
Q

what cognitive impairments are experienced by those with alzheimer’s?

A

memory and language

57
Q

do old or new memories decay first with those with alzheimer’s?

A

new memories

58
Q

what is source monitoring?

A

efforts to identify the origin (sources) of a memory

59
Q

how can false memories be implanted?

A

suggestive memory techniques

60
Q

what is the misinformation effect?

A

providing people with misleading info after an event which can lead to false memories

61
Q

can people with amnesia that impacts explicit memory form new procedural memories?

A

yes

intro to psych (1 & 2) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions