social psychology

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

-investigate social behaviour
- norms, Roles and culture

Question 2

social cognition
- attribution thoery
- attitudes
- cognitive dissonance:

Answer 2

• information processing affects social behaviou

attribution theoery: explanation of behaviour
Attitudes: evaluations of people/things
- cognitive dissonance: Attitude/behavioural change

Question 3

what are social norms

implicit social conventions example

explicit rules example

Answer 3

rules that regulate human behaviour

handshake

drinking and driving

Question 4

descriptive norms:

Answer 4

defines what commonly done in a situation (binge drinking in universitities, what is done

Question 5

injunction norms:

Answer 5

describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation (what should be done)

Question 6

social roles

Answer 6

social position goverened by norms and expectations

Question 7

wiener’s two dimensional attribution model

Answer 7

page6

Question 8

fundemntal attribution bias

Answer 8

tendency to overestimate internal factors and understimate external factors when explaining other’s behaviour

Question 9

situational pressures and observers

Answer 9

not always evident to observers

ovvurs even when situation factors are evident

Question 10

dispositional attributions and situational attributions

Answer 10

disspositional attributions are automatic; situational attributions require effort (cognitive misers)

• more likely to occur when cognitive lead is high
• slef-serving bias: tendency to attribute personal successes to dispositional factors but failures to situation factors

Question 11

defensive bias

Answer 11

belief in “just-world”: tendency to believe that people reap what they deserve

• need for predictability (reduce uncerntainty)

tendency to blame the victim

Question 12

what threatens the beliefe of just world

Answer 12

calamity
- believe world is not just
explain outcome in terms of internal attributions

Question 13

self serving bias is weaker in

Answer 13

collectivist cultures

Question 14

self - effecincy bias

Answer 14

external atributions of successes

Question 15

self–criticism

Answer 15

internal attributions of failures

Question 16

example of cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes

Answer 16

people on twiter are deceptive jerks

twitter makes me angry

use twitter as an example for negative attitude

Question 17

when can attitudes predict behaior and why should it be at the same level as behaviour

Answer 17

when attitudes are strong, explicit, and there is a vested interest

Question 18

dissonance and counter attitudinal action

findings contradict

Answer 18

Dissonance: unpleasant physiological arousal due to inconsistency in cognition/ behaviour (motivates change).

couner- attudunial action: abehaviour inconsistent with existing attitudes
changes their attide to be consistent with thier behaviour

Findings contradict operational conditioning and expectations about cause and effect

Question 19

postdecisional dissonance

Answer 19

dissonance arising from the knwledge that one has made a decision and the possibility that they did not choose well

attitudes towards chosen option improves; attitude towards unchosen option deteriates

Question 20

is arousal experienced when cognition and behaviour are inconsistent

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

does arousal motivate changes in cognition

Answer 21

little or no

Question 22

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 22

dual-process modell of persuasion that predicts whether factual information or other types of information will be most influential

central route

peripheral route

Question 23

central route

Answer 23

message content (facts, logic, details) is persuasive
rational: deliberate, concius processing
internalizing the messafe as belief (strong and long-lasting).
requires motivaion and time

Question 24

peripheral route

Answer 24

featerus of the message (number of arguments) are persuasive
quick positive impression: automatic, nonconsciuos processing
motivation/time are lacking
even very weak arguments can become persuasive

Question 25

counstrual level theory (central route)

Answer 25

information affects us differently depending on our psychological distance from the information

information that is specific (abstract), personal (others), and uses concrete (vague details feels closer to us, which inctreases motivation

Question 26

attitude inoculation

Answer 26

present weak or fabricated arguments that are easlity countered

arugue against the attack (more beter everything)

Question 27

what authority

Answer 27

good source of in

Question 28

What is attractiveness peripheral route or central route

Answer 28

Peripheral

Question 29

What is social validation and norm of reciprocity examples and what they under

Answer 29

Under peripheral route

Social validation: using other people’s behaviour to form impressions. Bestsellers

Norm of reciprocity: obligation to repay others
- free samples; free trials “no obligation”

Question 30

What does peripheral route need

Answer 30

Need for consistency