social psychology Flashcards
social psychology
-investigate social behaviour
- norms, Roles and culture
social cognition
- attribution thoery
- attitudes
- cognitive dissonance:
- information processing affects social behaviou
attribution theoery: explanation of behaviour
Attitudes: evaluations of people/things
- cognitive dissonance: Attitude/behavioural change
what are social norms
implicit social conventions example
explicit rules example
rules that regulate human behaviour
handshake
drinking and driving
descriptive norms:
defines what commonly done in a situation (binge drinking in universitities, what is done
injunction norms:
describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation (what should be done)
social roles
social position goverened by norms and expectations
wiener’s two dimensional attribution model
page6
fundemntal attribution bias
tendency to overestimate internal factors and understimate external factors when explaining other’s behaviour
situational pressures and observers
not always evident to observers
ovvurs even when situation factors are evident
dispositional attributions and situational attributions
disspositional attributions are automatic; situational attributions require effort (cognitive misers)
- more likely to occur when cognitive lead is high
- slef-serving bias: tendency to attribute personal successes to dispositional factors but failures to situation factors
defensive bias
belief in “just-world”: tendency to believe that people reap what they deserve
- need for predictability (reduce uncerntainty)
tendency to blame the victim
what threatens the beliefe of just world
calamity
- believe world is not just
explain outcome in terms of internal attributions
self serving bias is weaker in
collectivist cultures
self - effecincy bias
external atributions of successes
self–criticism
internal attributions of failures
example of cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes
people on twiter are deceptive jerks
twitter makes me angry
use twitter as an example for negative attitude
when can attitudes predict behaior and why should it be at the same level as behaviour
when attitudes are strong, explicit, and there is a vested interest
dissonance and counter attitudinal action
findings contradict
Dissonance: unpleasant physiological arousal due to inconsistency in cognition/ behaviour (motivates change).
couner- attudunial action: abehaviour inconsistent with existing attitudes
changes their attide to be consistent with thier behaviour
Findings contradict operational conditioning and expectations about cause and effect
postdecisional dissonance
dissonance arising from the knwledge that one has made a decision and the possibility that they did not choose well
attitudes towards chosen option improves; attitude towards unchosen option deteriates
is arousal experienced when cognition and behaviour are inconsistent
yes
does arousal motivate changes in cognition
little or no
Elaboration likelihood model
dual-process modell of persuasion that predicts whether factual information or other types of information will be most influential
central route
peripheral route
central route
message content (facts, logic, details) is persuasive
rational: deliberate, concius processing
internalizing the messafe as belief (strong and long-lasting).
requires motivaion and time
peripheral route
featerus of the message (number of arguments) are persuasive
quick positive impression: automatic, nonconsciuos processing
motivation/time are lacking
even very weak arguments can become persuasive
