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Psychology 1A > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic Definition:

A

The scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate to each other. It is the connection between groups and individuals in understanding social behaviour.

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2
Q

Relationships’ Core Ideas

A
  • the need to belong
  • the need for intimacy
  • the convulgance between S(elf) and O(ther) over time
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3
Q

Influences on Interpersonal Attraction

A

Similarity
- Common traits, beliefs, interests and attitudes
- western

Proximity
- The closer people are together, the more likely they are to develop stronger relationships

Positive Affect
- Positive feelings at the time of first interaction promotes likeliness

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4
Q

Triangular Theory of Love

A

Robert Sternberg (1988)
- Three components of Love is intimacy, passion and commitment
- Combine to form 8 types of love

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5
Q

Processes that undermine love

A
  • criticism
  • contempt
  • defensiveness
  • stonewalling, used in predictions of divorce
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6
Q

Prosocial Behaviour

A

actions intended to help somebody else

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7
Q

Bystander Effect

A

the presence of others inhibit helping

diffusion of responsibility: as the number of people present increases, individuals feel less personal responsibility

as people know they are the only ones in the conversation they were more likely to help

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8
Q

Emergency Intervention

A
  1. Notice the Emergency
  2. Interpret as Emergency
  3. Assume Responsibility
  4. Know What to Do
  5. Decide to Help
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9
Q

Person Factors that Influence Help

A
  • “helpful personalities”
  • religious following
  • received help before
  • similarity to helper
  • witnessed other helpers
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10
Q

Situation Factors that determine Help

A
  • consumption of media (prosocial media promote prosocial behaviour)
  • education (understanding and learning increases likability of action)
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11
Q

Attributes

A

positively or negatively feelings towards objects in our environment

Implicit VS Explicit

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12
Q

Explicit

A

those that can be thought about, reported on, and controlled

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13
Q

Implicit

A

those that cannot be consciously accessed, and therefore cannot report on nor control
- more strongly impacted by early, developmental events
- more sensitive to current affective experience

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14
Q

Dimensions of Attitude

A

Specificity VS Generality
High Vs Low Accessibility
Weak Vs Strong

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15
Q

Principles of Attitude

A

Specificity, Accessibility, Strength

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16
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

attitude change occurs to address dissonance in attitudes and behaviours

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17
Q

Attributions

A

efforts to explain why others are behaving in a particular way
- used to sustain a need for cognition and easier opportunity for prediction

18
Q

Attribution Theory

A

understand others behaviours to be from:

  • Internal dispositions
  • External situations

or some combination of the two
- relationship between situational and personal influences

19
Q

The Sources of Information - Attribution Theory

A

Consensus: extent to which other people behave in the same way as the person that we are considering

Consistency: extent to which the person behaves in the same way on different occasions in that same situation

Distinctiveness: extent to which the person behaves in the same way in different situations

20
Q

Attribution Process

A

perception of situation –> expected behaviour –> perceived behaviour –> attribution

21
Q

Internal/Dispositional Attribution

A

low consensus, high consistency and low distinctiveness

22
Q

External/Situational Attribution

A

high consensus, low consistency and high distinctiveness

23
Q

Attribution Errors

A

correspondence bias, stereotype maintenance

24
Q

Correspondence Bias

A

when people make inferences on someones character based on their behaviours in a situation, or due to a situation

25
Q

Stereotype Maintenance

A

attributions made in such a way that avoids updating a stereotype

stereotype consistent behaviour - attributions to internal characteristics

stereotype inconsistent behaviour - attributions to situations

26
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

expectations creating reality by influencing the reality of others or ourselves

27
Q

Obedience

A

behaviour change produced by the commands of authority to create social structure, coordination, efficiency and predictability

28
Q

Variables that Influence Obedience

A

proximity, legitimacy of authority, the effects of observing a model

there is a greater intensity of obedience with closer people whereas greater reach considers more popular people

29
Q

Social Brain Hypothesis

A

brain evolved to manage social relationships, need for belonging, status and identity,

30
Q

Blank Slate/ Tabula Rasa Illogical Assumptions

A

wrong and illogical hypothesis due to the understanding of genetic influences, displays limited theories of social engineering as the fail to allow for genetic expectations (fascism and marxism)

31
Q

Dynamogenic Factor Theory

A

the presence of others is a stimulus “arousing the competitive instinct”

(social facilitation)
- performance improves around the mere presence of other people

(social inhibition)
- this is only true if it is something that a person does well, only then will they tend to do better around other people

32
Q

Social Loafing

A

phenomenon where people exert less effort when they are in a group rather than when they are alone

33
Q

Norm Formation

A

the closer people are together the more likely they are to agree and create common ground

34
Q

The Asch Paradigm

A

the more difficult the judgement the more conformity occurs

features that promote conformity
- incompetence and insecurity
- admiration for the group
- no prior commitment to a response
- absence of anonymity
- unanimous

  • repeated exposures
35
Q

Groupthink

A

when collective delusions dominate reality, thinking that is engaged in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group

36
Q

Mind Guards

A

filter information, control of dissent, shutdown trains of thought

37
Q

Deindividuation

A

the perceived loss of a person’s individuality and personal responsibility that can occur when some participates as part of a group

promoted by
- diffusion of responsibility
- arousal
- anonymity
- moral certainty

38
Q

Positives and Negatives of Conformity

A

positives
- structure
- predictability
- comfort

negatives
- tyranny of opinion
- loss of authentic self

39
Q

The Minimal Group Paradigm

A

method to investigate the minimal conditions required to understand:

-the in-group bias
- strong social identity
-production of discrimination

40
Q

The Mere Exposure Effect

A

unfamiliarity is recognised as dangerous and negative but after no danger occurs after repeated exposure to unfamiliarity there are less negative feelings

Psychology 1A (8 decks)

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