Social Psychology Flashcards
What is social cognitive bias?
a biased pattern about thinking of others
What are the two types of social cognitive bias?
- fundamental attribution error
- self serving bias
What is fundamental attribution error?
people over emphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors when judging other’s behavior
What is self serving bias?
when succeeding, people tend to attribute that success to internal factor, whereas, when people fail they tend to bland external factors
What is in group bias and favoritism?
favoring ones in-group members rather than out group members
What is group serving bias?
attributing a groups success to internal factor of that group, and attributing failure to external factors
What is social comparison?
people value their own personal and social worth by assessing how they compare to others
What is proximity?
perceiving elements closer together to be more related than elements that are farther apart
What is similarity?
the tendency to organize similar objects into a group and assess them as a whole
What is attitude?
set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, thing, or event
Is attitude simplistic or complex, and how hard is it to change?
complex, it is very hard to change
What is the A in ABC for attitude?
affective: feelings and emotions towards a certain topic
What is an example of affective (from ABC)?
I like tea, because it makes me feel calm and relaxed
What is the B in ABC for attitude?
behavioral component: past and future activity towards a certain topic
What is an example of behavioral component (from ABC)?
I always have a cup of tea after I get home from work.
What is the C in ABC for attitude?
cognitive component: beliefs you have about the topic
What is an example of cognitive component in ABC for attitude?
tea has many health benefits
What are the two routes to change a person’s attitude?
peripheral route and central route
What is the peripheral route?
attempts to change an attitude in which beliefs are not held very strongly
What is the central route?
attempts to intervene on core beliefs
What is the key to long term behavior change?
self perception
What is self perception defined by?
self directive behavior (being able to have control over your behavior)
What is self persuasion?
motivating oneself to do something in order to achieve a higher goal
What influences more self persuasion?
mild threats and perceived choice
What can hinder self persuasion?
large incentives
What is ingratiation?
we are inherently attracted to similarity and we like cooperation and praise
What is conformity?
we follow those who are similar and credible. we model the majority in unfamiliar situations
What is scarcity?
we react to protect our individuality and we value rare opportunities
What is novelty?
we are habitual and we like routine, but we are attracted to the unique
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
get foot in the door and ask for more
What is cognitive dissonance?
have an attitude about an event or thing, but behave the opposite
How do we relieve cognitive dissonance?
adjust behavior or attitude (OR adopt a new attitude)
What is the door-in-the-face technique?
ask for a lot, settle for a little
What is descriptive norms?
getting someone to doo something because everyone is doing it
What is an injunctive norm?
something that we should all do for the better good
When does stereotyping occur?
ascribe general characteristics, motives, and behaviors to an entire group of individuals
When does prejudice occur?
base opinions about people on stereotypes of their in group
What does discrimination stem from?
a stereotype
