Chapter 11: Therapy Flashcards
What does the medical or disease model hint to?
the psychiatrist
Why is the medical or disease model called that?
because the psychiatric approach to mental illness is that there is something abnormal happening and therefore it needs to be identified and fixed
What assumption do psychiatrists make about behavior?
all behavior has underlying meaning
What do psychiatrists use to explain the behavior and “disease”?
with hypothetical constructs (Freud’s Iceberg Model)
What do symptom’s signify to psychiatrists?
that symptoms reflect underlying causes
What is symptom substitution?
the symptom that is targeted during therapy clears, but then another symptom arises also due to therapy
What two methods do psychiatrists use to diagnostically label an illness?
projective technique and analyze dreams
What is the projective technique?
tests (like the inkblot tests) that reveal our desires and emotions
What is therapy like with a psychiatrist?
-professional
-blame is placed on the disease
-patient admits incompetence
-rapport emphasis
-insight development
What are some assumptions that behavioral therapists make?
-attack symptom
-no need to dig deep, only observe and change behavior
-all behavior is learned
What does the diagnostic labeling look like for behavioral therapists?
what are the behaviors and what are the consequences of that behavior
What is therapy like with a behavioral therapist?
-manage behaviors
-blame is placed on environment
-patient assumes responsibility to fix behavior
-rapport and insight is not necessary
What is the general clinical approach of a behavior therapist?
- what behavior is maladaptive? (Interferes with persons daily life)
- what are support contingencies? (consequences of that behavior)
- what contingencies can be rearranged?
What is the 4 step improvement process for applied behavioral science?
D: define
O: observe
I: intervene
T: test
What are some assumptions that humanistic therapists make?
-everyone is unique (ideographic) and has unique experiences (phenomenology)
-man is innately good
-one drive: to maintain, enhance, and actualize self
-self concept is everything
What is therapy like with a humanistic therapist?
-unconditional positive regard
-rapport comes from the patient, it is not forced
-client centered
-sensitivity, encounter, marathon groups
What is the main goal of humanistic therapists?
to bridge the gap between your actual self and your ideal self
What are the 5 levels of listening?
- ignore
- pretend
- selective
- attentive
- empathic
In what type of therapy is the counselor a passive catalyst?
humanistic
What famous psychologist was keen on using psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Frued
What do neo-freudians focus on?
present in order to deal with grief, conflict, distress
What famous psychologist was keen on humanistic therapy?
Carl Rogers
What is counterconditioning and what type of therapy is it used in?
behavior is modified through a new association with a stimulus
Who technically first practiced counter conditioning?
Mary Clover Jones
What is an example of counter-conditioning?
a boy was afraid of rabbits, and the rabbit was moved closer and closer to the boy as he was eating his favorite food, and soon he wasn’t afraid of the rabbit anymore
What are exposure therapies?
presenting people with things they fear to eliminate the fear
What is systemic desensitization?
patient is presented with increased anxiety provoking scenario (regarding their fear) while being taught relaxation techniques
What is implosive therapy?
having patients relive their fears while in a clinical setting
What is virtual reality exposure?
exposing patients to their fear via virtual reality
What is aversive conditioning?
help a person give up a behavior by associating that behavior with something unpleasant
What do token economies help with?
operant conditioning
What psychologist was big on cognitive therapies?
Aaron T. Beck
What are some cognitive therapy goals?
-reveal irrational thinking
-promote positive thinking
What does cognitive behavioral therapy aim to improve?
erroneous thinking
What is social skills training?
practicing shaping, rewards, role playing, assertiveness
What is group therapy?
interpersonal support and feedback
What is family therapy?
-where family members heal relationships, mobilize family resources, and help guide family towards systems thinking
What is a therapeutic alliance?
a bond of trust between you and your therapist
What are some biomedical therapies?
antipsychotic, anti-anxiety, antidepressant
What is id?
your devil (deepest desires)
What is superego?
your morality
What is ego?
the meditator
What is free association?
aims to deepen your self understanding by looking at whatever thoughts come into your mind freely
What is catharsis?
emotional release that is accompanied by cognitive insight and positive change
