Chapter 11: Therapy

Question 1

What does the medical or disease model hint to?

Answer 1

the psychiatrist

Question 2

Why is the medical or disease model called that?

Answer 2

because the psychiatric approach to mental illness is that there is something abnormal happening and therefore it needs to be identified and fixed

Question 3

What assumption do psychiatrists make about behavior?

Answer 3

all behavior has underlying meaning

Question 4

What do psychiatrists use to explain the behavior and “disease”?

Answer 4

with hypothetical constructs (Freud’s Iceberg Model)

Question 5

What do symptom’s signify to psychiatrists?

Answer 5

that symptoms reflect underlying causes

Question 6

What is symptom substitution?

Answer 6

the symptom that is targeted during therapy clears, but then another symptom arises also due to therapy

Question 7

What two methods do psychiatrists use to diagnostically label an illness?

Answer 7

projective technique and analyze dreams

Question 8

What is the projective technique?

Answer 8

tests (like the inkblot tests) that reveal our desires and emotions

Question 9

What is therapy like with a psychiatrist?

Answer 9

-professional
-blame is placed on the disease
-patient admits incompetence
-rapport emphasis
-insight development

Question 10

What are some assumptions that behavioral therapists make?

Answer 10

-attack symptom
-no need to dig deep, only observe and change behavior
-all behavior is learned

Question 11

What does the diagnostic labeling look like for behavioral therapists?

Answer 11

what are the behaviors and what are the consequences of that behavior

Question 12

What is therapy like with a behavioral therapist?

Answer 12

-manage behaviors
-blame is placed on environment
-patient assumes responsibility to fix behavior
-rapport and insight is not necessary

Question 13

What is the general clinical approach of a behavior therapist?

Answer 13

1. what behavior is maladaptive? (Interferes with persons daily life)
2. what are support contingencies? (consequences of that behavior)
3. what contingencies can be rearranged?

Question 14

What is the 4 step improvement process for applied behavioral science?

Answer 14

D: define
O: observe

I: intervene
T: test

Question 15

What are some assumptions that humanistic therapists make?

Answer 15

-everyone is unique (ideographic) and has unique experiences (phenomenology)
-man is innately good
-one drive: to maintain, enhance, and actualize self
-self concept is everything

Question 16

What is therapy like with a humanistic therapist?

Answer 16

-unconditional positive regard
-rapport comes from the patient, it is not forced
-client centered
-sensitivity, encounter, marathon groups

Question 17

What is the main goal of humanistic therapists?

Answer 17

to bridge the gap between your actual self and your ideal self

Question 18

What are the 5 levels of listening?

Answer 18

1. ignore
2. pretend
3. selective
4. attentive
5. empathic

Question 19

In what type of therapy is the counselor a passive catalyst?

Answer 19

humanistic

Question 20

What famous psychologist was keen on using psychoanalysis?

Answer 20

Sigmund Frued

Question 21

What do neo-freudians focus on?

Answer 21

present in order to deal with grief, conflict, distress

Question 22

What famous psychologist was keen on humanistic therapy?

Answer 22

Carl Rogers

Question 23

What is counterconditioning and what type of therapy is it used in?

Answer 23

behavior is modified through a new association with a stimulus

Question 24

Who technically first practiced counter conditioning?

Answer 24

Mary Clover Jones

Question 25

What is an example of counter-conditioning?

Answer 25

a boy was afraid of rabbits, and the rabbit was moved closer and closer to the boy as he was eating his favorite food, and soon he wasn’t afraid of the rabbit anymore

Question 26

What are exposure therapies?

Answer 26

presenting people with things they fear to eliminate the fear

Question 27

What is systemic desensitization?

Answer 27

patient is presented with increased anxiety provoking scenario (regarding their fear) while being taught relaxation techniques

Question 28

What is implosive therapy?

Answer 28

having patients relive their fears while in a clinical setting

Question 29

What is virtual reality exposure?

Answer 29

exposing patients to their fear via virtual reality

Question 30

What is aversive conditioning?

Answer 30

help a person give up a behavior by associating that behavior with something unpleasant

Question 31

What do token economies help with?

Answer 31

operant conditioning

Question 32

What psychologist was big on cognitive therapies?

Answer 32

Aaron T. Beck

Question 33

What are some cognitive therapy goals?

Answer 33

-reveal irrational thinking
-promote positive thinking

Question 34

What does cognitive behavioral therapy aim to improve?

Answer 34

erroneous thinking

Question 35

What is social skills training?

Answer 35

practicing shaping, rewards, role playing, assertiveness

Question 36

What is group therapy?

Answer 36

interpersonal support and feedback

Question 37

What is family therapy?

Answer 37

-where family members heal relationships, mobilize family resources, and help guide family towards systems thinking

Question 38

What is a therapeutic alliance?

Answer 38

a bond of trust between you and your therapist

Question 39

What are some biomedical therapies?

Answer 39

antipsychotic, anti-anxiety, antidepressant

Question 40

What is id?

Answer 40

your devil (deepest desires)

Question 41

What is superego?

Answer 41

your morality

Question 42

What is ego?

Answer 42

the meditator

Question 43

What is free association?

Answer 43

aims to deepen your self understanding by looking at whatever thoughts come into your mind freely

Question 44

What is catharsis?

Answer 44

emotional release that is accompanied by cognitive insight and positive change