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PSYC 1011 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is social psychology?

A

The study of how people influence others’ behaviour, beliefs, and attitudes

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2
Q

Humans are predisposed to forming intimate interpersonal networks of approximately how many people?

A

Around 150

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3
Q

What does the need-to-belong theory suggest?

A

There is a biologically based need for interpersonal connections - it literally hurts to be isolated or rejected

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4
Q

What does the social comparison theory suggest?

A

We seek to evaluate our abilities and beliefs by comparing them with others upward (superiors) and downward (inferiors), boosting our self-concept

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5
Q

What is social contagion?

A

Mass hysteria - a contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour that spreads

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6
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

When the mere presence of others improve one’s performance, or hinder them through social disruption (choking)

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7
Q

What is a fundamental attribution error?

A

A miscalculation of other’s behaviour, overestimating the impact of dispositional influences or underestimating the impact of situational influences, prone to seeing other’s behaviour as a combination of both

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8
Q

What is conformity?

A

The tendency to alter behaviour as a result of group pressure

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9
Q

What are 3 social influences on conformity?

A
  1. Unanimity increases conformity
  2. Lower conformity if only one other person differs from majority
  3. Size of majority, but only up to 5 or 6 people
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10
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

The tendency to engage in atypical behaviour when one’s usual identity is stripped, increasing conformity

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11
Q

What is groupthink?

A

An emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

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12
Q

How might one treat groupthink?

A

Appointing a “devil’s advocate”, have an indepentent expert evaluate decisions, follow-up meetings

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13
Q

What are 4 ways that cults promote groupthink?

A
  1. Have a persuasive leader
  2. Disconnects members from the outside world
  3. Discourages questioning of assumptions
  4. Gradual indoctrination
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14
Q

Via what effect can cults be resisted and how does it convince people to change their minds?

A

Inoculation effect:
1. Introducing reasons the perspective might be correct
2. Debunking them

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15
Q

What is obedience?

A

Adherence to others from those of higher authority

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16
Q

What is the difference between prosocial and antisocial behaviour?

A

Prosocial - behaviour intended to help others
Antisocial - aggressive behaviour

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17
Q

What is bystander nonintervention?

A

When people see someone in need but fail to help them

18
Q

What is social loafing?

A

When people slack of in groups due to diffusion of responsibility or cultural factors

19
Q

How do males and females differ in aggression?

A

Males - more physical
Females - more relational

20
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A belief that includes an emotional component

21
Q

What are 2 origins of attitudes?

A
  1. Recognition heuristic
  2. Personality traits (e.g., political views, religiosity)
22
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

An unpleasant state of tension between two opposing thoughts

23
Q

What is the self-perception theory?

A

We acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours

24
Q

What does the dual processes model suggest?

A

There are 2 pathways to persuading others:
1. Central route - focus on informational content
2. Peripheral route - focus on surface aspects of the argument

25
Q

What are 3 persuasion techniques?

A
  1. Foot-in-the-door - small request that leads to a bigger one
  2. Door-in-the-face - starts big and then backs off
  3. Low-ball technique - starts approachable and then becomes less so over time
26
Q

What are cults?

A

Groups that exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

27
Q

What is obedience?

A

Adherence to orders from those of higher authority, e.g. the law, parents/guardians

28
Q

What are 3 ways to trigger aggression?

A
  1. Arousal level
  2. Alcohol and other drugs
  3. Temperature
29
Q

How does aggression differ between the two sexes?

A

Males - more physical aggression
Females - more relational aggression

30
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A belief that includes an emotional component

31
Q

What are the two origins of an attitude?

A
  1. Recognition heuristic
  2. Personality traits (e.g., religion, politics)
32
Q

What is the term that describes an unpleasant state of tension between two opposing thoughts?

A

Cognitive dissonance

33
Q

What does the self-perception theory suggest?

A

We acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours

34
Q

What does the impression management theory suggest?

A

We don’t change our attitudes, but rather report we do for consistency

35
Q

What do the two pathways of persuading others in the dual processes model suggest?

A
  1. Central route - focus on informational content
  2. Peripheral route - focus on surface aspects
36
Q

What is the ingroup bias?

A

Favouring those within one’s group compared to outsiders

37
Q

What is outgroup homogeneity?

A

The tendency to view people outside of a group as similar

38
Q

What is discrimination?

A

The act of treating others of outgroups differently from ingroups.

39
Q

What is the scapegoat hypothesis?

A

A belief that there needs to be a blame for another group for misfortunes that come to someone

40
Q

What is the just-world hypothesis?

A

A belief that there needs to be a vision of a fair world, even if our world isn’t just

41
Q

What is conformity?

A

Going along with other people’s opinions

42
Q

What is the difference of explicit and implicit prejudice?

A

Explicit - aware prejudice
Implicit - unaware prejudice

PSYC 1011 (9 decks)

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