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PSYC 1011 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

People’s typical way of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors that behaviour-genetic methods attempt to untangle the effects of?

A
  1. Genetic factors
  2. Shared environmental factors
  3. Nonshared environmental factors
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3
Q

How much of a role do genetics play in personality?

A

Little, much below 1.0 correlation, but not zero

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4
Q

What does research suggest about birth order’s effect on personality?

A

Most studies fail to see a correlation

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5
Q

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

A

Sigmund Freud

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6
Q

What were the 3 primary assumptions developed in Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

A
  1. Psychic determinism
  2. Symbolic meaning
  3. Unconscious motivation
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7
Q

According to Freud, what 3 components made up the psyche of a person?

A
  1. Id - basic instincts, operates on pleasurable principle
  2. Superego - sense of morality
  3. Ego - principal decision maker, operates on reality principle
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8
Q

What are 3 examples of defence mechanisms?

A
  1. Repression - motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses
  2. Denial - motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences
  3. Projection - unconscious attribution of our negative qualities onto others
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9
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development and at what age did they take place? How was this represented?

A
  1. Oral - birth to 12-18 months, sucking and drinking
  2. Anal - 18 months - 3 yrs. - alleviating tension by pooping
  3. Phallic - 3 yrs. - 6 yrs. - getinals
  4. Latency - 6 yrs. - 12 yrs. - dormant sexual stage
  5. Genital - 12 yrs.+ - renewed sexual impulses, emergence of mature romantic relationships
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10
Q

What are some major criticisms of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development?

A

Unfalsifiable, failed predictions, questionable conception of unconscious, unrepresentative samples, emphasis on shared environment

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11
Q

How do Neo-Freudians differ from Freud’s theories?

A

Less emphasis on sexuality and more emphasis on social drives, more optimistic about personal growth

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12
Q

How are personality habits acquired?

A

Via classical and operant conditioning

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13
Q

How did social learning theories see learning?

A

Learning was important, but thinking was also a large component

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14
Q

What do behavioural approaches view personality as?

A

Under the control of genetic factors and contingencies, bundles of habits

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15
Q

Rather than emphasizing Skinnerism, what did social learning theories emphasize?

A

Reciprocal determinism

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16
Q

What were the major issues of both radical behaviourist and social learning’s theories of personality?

A

Radical behaviourist - dismissing cognition is unsupported by research
Social learning - emphasis on shared environment is unsupported

17
Q

Who was the developer of Humanism, the rejection of determinism and proposal of self-actualization as a core motive in personality?

A

Carl Rogers

18
Q

According to Roger’s model, what are the 3 main components of personality?

A
  1. Organism - innate genetic blueprint
  2. Self - set of beliefs of who we are
  3. Conditions of worth - expectations placed on ourselves
19
Q

How would Maslow describe self-actualized people?

A

Creative, spontaneous, accepting of themselves and others. Self-confident, few close friendships, crave privacy and may come across as difficult to work with.

20
Q

What are trait models of personality most interested in evaluating?

A

Describing and understanding the structure of personality

21
Q

What are the 5 traits that make up the “Big Five Model” that have repeatedly appeared in trait model studies?

A

OCEAN
1. Openness to Experience - intellectually curious, unconventional
2. Conscientiousness - careful and responsible
3. Extraversion - social and lively
4. Agreeableness - easy to get along with
5. Neuroticism - tense and moody

22
Q

What is the difference between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations?

A

Tendencies - underlying personality traits
Adaptations - behavioural manifestations of tendencies

23
Q

At what age does personality become less susceptible to change?

A

Around age 30

24
Q

What is the most researched personality test and what are the 3 validity scales?

A

MMPI,
1. Lie - detects impression management
2. Frequency - detects malingering
3. Correction - measures defensive responding

25
Q

How is the MMPI personality test problematic?

A

Redundant scales, not used for formal diagnosis, scales can be misused

26
Q

What do projective tests do to research personality?

A

Asks examinees to interpret meaning from ambiguous stimuli

27
Q

What were the concerns regarding the Rorschach Inkblot test?

A

Unknown test-retest and problematic interrater reliability scores, little evidence that it detects features of mental disorders

PSYC 1011 (9 decks)

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