Social & Psychological Considerations Flashcards
Conceptual Design Principles
Open Spaces
Circulation Networks
Buildings
Context-sensitive transportation planning seeks to develop a
transportation network “…that complements its physical setting and preserves scenic, aesthetic, and historic and environmental
resources while maintaining safety and mobility.”
Circulation Networks
Circulation systems for pedestrian use can be designed in geometric pattern to strengthen the built environment’s spatial organization:
- Linear Pattern
- Grid Pattern
- Loop Pattern
- Radial Pattern
- Spiral Pattern
(walkways are commonly used for recreational paths; may run
parallel to the shoreline and other natural features)
Linear Pattern
(walkways parallel the street network in urban areas; advantages include ease of orientation and flexibility in route selection)
Grid Pattern
(walkways may organize a series of linked open spaces, a
cluster of buildings, or other activity nodes)
Loop Pattern
(walkways converge to form intersections that become plazas, squares, or other important pedestrian nodes)
Radial Pattern
(walkway ceremonially descends or ascends toward a special place such as a sculpture garden, a memorial, or another contemplative outdoor space)
Spiral Pattern
_______ and _______can also reduce costs for hearing and cooling buildings and for managing stormwater runoff.
Green roofs and rain gardens
providing opportunities for social interaction
Nodes
providing opportunities for quiet respite
Oases
providing opportunities for prospect with a refuge
Niches
Pedestrians are separated from vehicles and, where the systems
intersect, walkways are identified with paving changes, markings, or refuge islands to reduce pedestrian crosswalk distances.
Separation
Pedestrians “desire lines” are satisfied by conveniently linking common destinations (for example, building entrances, transit
stops, parking lots, and plazas).
Connectivity
A hierarchy of walkways are of sufficient size to accommodate
expected pedestrian traffic.
Capacity
