HOA 4 (Spanish Colonial Architecture) Flashcards
On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13, 1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition.
Five Instruments of Urbanism
▪ Reducción
▪ Encomienda system
▪ System of cities andtowns
▪ Cuadricula
▪ Colonial infrastructures
Forced urbanization and resettlement.
Reducción
The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.
Reduccion
What do you call under the sound of the bells?
De Bajo de las campanas
The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who wasmandated to “allocate, allot or distribute” the resources of the domain.
Encomienda
The institution ofa hierarchal settlement system
System of Cities and Towns
________ (city) or ________ (town), core of the
municipality. _________, adjacent barangays.
Cabecera, poblacion, Barrios
■ Patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe
■ Reserved for the nobility and the clergy.
Intramuros
Living beyond the walls
Extramuros
It is called villages outside the walls.
Pueblos
It is called a separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community .
Parian
It Is called Japanese community.
Dilao
A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision.
Cuadricula
What are the characteristics in The Laws of the Indies, 1573?
▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪ a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses.
Who proposed the Encapsulates the classicist theories of urban design?
Vitruvius and Alberti
Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the
church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace.
Plaza Complex
New building typologies and construction technology was introduced
Colonial Infrastructures
It is Edifices for religious conversion.
Churches
Parts of Church
▪ Altar mayor, main altar.
▪ Sagrario, tabernacle.
▪ Pulpito, pulpit.
▪ Retablo, elaborately ornamented altar screen.
▪ Sacristia, where the priest and his assistants put on their robes before the mass.
▪ Coro, choir loft.
▪ Tribunas, screened gallery.
It is called parish house or rectory
Convento
Also called as bell towers
Campanarios
Where can San Agustin Church be found?
Intramuros, Manila
San Agustin Church
■ The Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustín.
■ First church to be built in Luzon.
■ Only structure in Intramuros to survive WWII.
■ High Baroque style retablo.
■ Ceiling paintings in the trompel’oeil style.
■ Chinese fu dogs at the entrance.
Where can Paoay Church be found?
Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Paoay Church
■ Saint Augustine Church.
■ Most outstanding example in the Philippines of ‘Earthquake Baroque’.
■ Volutes of contrafuertes (buttresses) and in the pyramidal finials of wall facades.
■ Massive coral stone bell tower.
Miag-ao Church
■ Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church
■ Stands on the highest point of Miag-ao, its towers serving as lookouts against Muslim raids.
■ It is the finest surviving example of ‘Fortress Baroque’.
■ The facade epitomizes the Filipino transfiguration of western decorative elements.
Where can Miag-ao Church be found?
Miag-ao, Iloilo.
Where can Santa Maria Church be found?
Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
Santa Maria Church
■ Church of Nuestra Señora dela Asunción.
■ Situated on a hill surrounded by a defensive wall.
■ Separate pagoda-like bell tower at the midpoint of the nave wall.
■ The brick walls are devoid of ornament but have delicately carved side entrances and strong buttresses
It is called as (RA 10066)
National Heritage Law
It is called as (RA 10086)
National Historical Commission of the Philippines Law
Characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts. Bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots.
Fortresses
Where can Fort Santiago be found?
Intramuros, Manila
Parts of Fort
▪ Cortinas, thick perimeter walls.
▪ Bastiones or baluartes,four-sided bulwarks skirting the cortinas on both ends.
▪ Fozo or Foso, moat.
▪ Casamatas, stone embrasures where artilleries were propped up.
▪ Calabozo
▪ Herreria
▪ Amacenes
▪ Alojaminetos
▪ Garitas
Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.
Institutional Buildings
■ Also known as Casa del Ayuntamiento, Casa del Cabildo, Casa Consistorial, or Casa Real.
■ As a seat of colonial governance, it housed several administrative
offices and archives.
Ayuntamiento
■ Also known as Palaciodel Gobernador General.
■ Residence of the highest official of the land.
■ Malacañang Palace, the summer residence of the Governor General.
Palacio Real
Other Civic Buildings
▪ Real Audiencia
▪ Aduana
▪ Hacienda Publica
▪ Municipio
▪ Casa Hacienda,
Also called as Tribunal, trial court.
Real Audiencia
It is a Customs house
Aduana
It is a treasury
Hacienda Publica
It is also called as Casa de Municipal, or Casa Real, a smaller
version of the Ayuntamiento in the provincial towns.
Municipio
It is a expansive structures housing spaces for the administrators and his workers on a landed estate.
Casa Hacienda
The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects.
Educational and Scientific Buildings
Oldest established university in Asia
University of Sto. Tomas, Manila
It is first hospital; built by the Franciscans; catered only to the Spaniards.
Hospital Real
It is a hospital for the Chinese in Binondo.
Hospital de San Gabriel
It is a hospital for the lepers.
Hospital de San Lazaro
established by the Jesuits to assist in forecasting typhoons.
Manila Observatory
Other term of Observatories
Observatorio Astronomico y Meteorologico de Manila
Because of the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.
Industrial Buildings
(Bridge of Spain), built after the destruction of Puente Grande (first and only bridge crossing the Pasig River) in the 1863 earthquake.
Puente de España
It is served as the main terminal for all northbound destinations.
Tutuban Station of the Manila, Dagupan railway line;
It is the oldest lighthouse in the Philippines; also
known as the San Nicolas lighthouse.
The Pasig Farola
It is installed the piped-in water system. The water was offered to the public free of charge
The Carriedo Waterworks
Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia
Commercial Buildings
It is a shop that very first large commercial structure; silk market in Binondo; housed stores for Chinese merchants and government offices.
Alcaiceria de San Fernando
It is a shop for , tobacco and cigar factories; Cigarreras, female workers.
Tabacaleras
other shops
Sari-sari store and carinderias
foremost hotels in Intramuros.
Hotel la Palma de Mallorca, Hotel de Paris, and Hotel de Espana,
boarding houses; less expensive lodgings
Casas de huespedes
It is the first bank built; initially housed in the Aduana.
Banco Español-Filipino de Isabel II
Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class.
Domestic Structures
Apartment dwellings
Accesorias
Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap
housing in commercial and industrial areas.
Accesorias (Apartment dwellings)
each unit; has a zaguan, sala and sleeping quarters.
Vivienda
A housing prototype which combined elements of the indigenous and Hispanic building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones
Bahay na bato
A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by JesuitFrancisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone.
Arquitectura Mestiza
Characteristics of a Bahay na bato
▪ two storeys
▪ The ground floor-cut stone or brick, the upper-wood.
▪ Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor,
sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels.
▪ hip roof with a 45-degree-angle pitch.
Parts of Bahay na Bato in Ground Floor
■ Cochera (driveway or garage)
■ Zaguan (vestibule or storage; usually for the caroza)
■ Entresuelo (mezzanine area, for offices or servants’ quarters)
■ Cuadra (horse stables)
■ Cocina (kitchen)
Escalera (wooden staircase)
Parts of Bahay na Bato in Second Floor
■ Caida or ante-sala (interior overhanging veranda)
■ Sala (living room)
■ Baño (bathroom)
■ Latrina (toilet)
■ Cocina (kitchen)
■ Comedor (dining area)
■ Azotea (outdoor terrace, located beside a balon or over an aljibe (water cistern).
■ Cuarto( bedroom)
Other Parts of Bahay na Bato in Second Floor
■ Galeria volada or corredor (flying wooden gallery)
■ Oratorio (praying area)
■ Callado ( wooden fretwork on top of partitions)
■ Pasamano (window sill)
■ Ventanillas (vents beneath the window sill which reach to the floor)
■ Barandillas (wooden balusters)
